舒清海 李华军

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

（浙江卷）

Central Park

Outside among the trees， watch the wildlife —— both the human and animal varieties. Call（212）360-3465 or（212）360 -2726 for daily events and tours. Central Park stretches from 59th to 110th Sts. ， and from 5th Ave. to Central Park West.

Empire State building

This is among the most striking buildings in the city， the nation， even the world. The observation deck（瞭望台）on the 86th floor is open to general public， offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor youll find the New York Skyride， a simulated（模拟的）helicopter ride over Manhattan. 5th Ave. at 34th St. ， Midtown/（212）736-3100.

Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum

Five blocks west of Time Square， this museum has hundreds of air， deep-sea and space exhibits. Walk the fight deck of the 900-foot-long aircraft carrier Intrepid， see dozens of old and modern aircraft and ride the Intrepid Navy Flight Simulator. Pier 86， W. 46th St. and 12th Ave./（212）245-0072.

Madison Square Garden

If its big， it probably happens at the Garden. Check out sporting events， concerts and much more. Tours are available. 7th Ave. ， btwn. 31st and 33rd Sts.， Midtown /（212）465-6741.

1. What is the New York Skyride used for？

A. Sightseeing. B. Fight training.

C. Model plane sports. D. City transportation.

2. What is the purpose of these texts？

A. To provide information of living in New York.

B. To provide directions of city traffic in New York.

C. To give visitors a guide to New York.

D. To give a brief introduction to the history of New York.

（江苏卷）Su Hua is studying at Cambridge， UK. She has bought a bicycle and is worried about security（安全）. Her friend， Kate， found this article and sent it to her.

Introduction

A lot of crime is against bicycles. About 150，000 bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found. You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps.

Basic Security

Do not leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places. Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lampposts or trees. Take off smaller parts and take them with you， for example lights and saddles （車座）.

Locks

Get a good lock. There are many different types in the shops. Buy one that has been tested against attack. Ask for a recommendation from a bike shop.

Marking

Security marking your bike can act as a deterrent to a thief. It can also help the police find your bicycle. It should be clearly written and include your postcode and your house or flat number. This will provide a simple way to identify your bicycle.

Registration

There are a number of companies who will security mark your bicycle for you. They will then put your registration number and personal details on their computer database. Then if your bicycle is found it will be easy to contact you.

Finally

Keep a record of the bicycle yourself： its make， model and registration number. You can even take a photograph of it. This will prove the bicycle belongs to you.

1. Which part of the text gives you information on how to lock up your bicycle when you leave it？

A. Locks. B. Marking.

C. Registration. D. Basic Security.

2. What does the underlined phrase“act as a deterrent to a thief”mean？

A. Help you recognize your bike.

B. Help the police find your bicycle.

C. Stop someone stealing your bicycle.

D. Stop you worrying about your bike.

3. What is the main purpose of this article？

A. To tell you what to do if your bicycle is stolen.

B. To suggest ways of keeping your bicycle safe.

C. To give you advice on where to buy a good lock.

D. To say why you shouldnt keep your bicycle in a quiet place.s

（北京卷）EP Portable Heater

We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world， the new EP heats better and faster， saves more on heating bills， and runs almost silent.

The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.

The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters， youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.

The advanced EP also heats the room evenly， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

The EP comes with a 3-year warranty（保修）and a 60-day， no questions asked， satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied， return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.

Now， we have a special offer for 10 days， during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that， we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.

Take action right now！

1. What is mainly discussed in paragraph 2？

A. The heat of the EP. B. The safety of the EP.

C. The appearance of the EP. D. The material of the EP.

2. What does the underlined word“evenly”in Paragraph 4 probably mean？

A. Continuously. B. Separately.

C. Quickly. D. Equally.

3. What is the main purpose of the passage？

A. To persuade people to buy the product.

B. To advise people to save on heating bills.

C. To report the new development of portable heaters.

D. To compare the functions of different heart brands.

（重慶卷）There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight as they get older， while others hold that if they stop exercising， their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths：

Ill never lose weight——I come from a fat family

Wrong！While we cant change the body type we are born with， we cant blame our genes for making us fat. Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families， and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.

I am fat because I burn calories slowly

Wrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism （新陈代谢）. If fact， although fat people consume more energy than slim people， they also fail to realize how much they eat！Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.

Exercise is boring

Wrong！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk， take a different route. If you do Yoga， try a tai chi class. If you like swimming， set yourself a distance or time challenge.

No pain， no gain

Wrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed， pain is your body telling you somethings wrong， and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly， but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they dont， rest and seek medical advice.

1. What does the author think about being fat？

A. It is the family genes that make people fat.

B. People are fat because they consume too little energy.

C. A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.

D. It is the consequence of peoples unbalanced lifestyle.

2. What is the authors opinion about“No pain， no gain” in exercising？

A. Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.

B. Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.

C. Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.

D. Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.

3. What is the purpose of the passage？

A. To declare the importance of keeping fit.

B. To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.

C. To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.

D. To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.

（江蘇卷）

Hi， everybody ！

Welcome to our newly-opened Richards Cinema Bookstore！

Now let me introduce to you some of the new film books in our store.

Are you Chinese film fans？ OK， here comes the latest 25 New Takes about Chinese films. It is a collection of 25 fresh readings of different Chinese films from the 1930s to the present. In recent years， Chinese films are very popular in the States， such as Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon， Hero， and Flowers of Shanghai.

Do you like French films？ Well， here is The French Cinema Book. It covers French films from the 1890s to the beginning of the 21st century. It is written for all lovers of French cinema： students and teachers， specialists and fans， and so on.

Maybe you are Indian film fans and star-chasers. Then here is Encyclopedia（百科全书）of Indian Cinema. The book is a complete introduction to all the best Indian films. It also offers a full list of names of the famous and successful film stars in the past ten years. You know， the Indian film industry is the largest in the world after our Hollywood.

If you like British films， we have The British Cinema Book. It is a good review of British cinema. This book contains a good many nice pictures.

In our bookstore， you can also find books about Mexican， Japanese， Australian， German and Italian films.

Well， please help yourselves to some coffee or tea， and have a good time here！

1. Who is the speaker of the passage likely to be？

A. The author of 25 New Takes.

B. A tourist in the cinema bookstore.

C. The manager of the cinema bookstore.

D. A reader of Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema.

2. How many Asian countries does the speaker refer to when he talks about the film books？

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Nine.

3. What is the purpose of the speaker？

A. To satisfy the customersvarious tastes.

B. To keep the authors in the cinema bookstore.

C. To offer the tourists chances to meet the film stars.

D. To take the readers into film producers.

（北京卷）

December 15，2014

Dear Alfred，

I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.

Growing up， I had people telling me I was too slow， though， with an IQ of 150+ at 17， Im anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD （注意力缺陷多動障碍）. Anxious all the time， I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.

However， when something did interest me， I could become absorbed. In high school， I became curious about the computer， and built my first website. Moreover， I completed the senior course of Computer Basics， plus five relevant pre-college courses.

While I was exploring my curiosity， my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school， but couldnt. So， I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.

Since then， I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently， Im learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper， covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.

Last year， I spent all my time looking for a job where， without dealing with the public， I could work alone， but still have a team to talk to. Luckily， I discovered the job——Data Analyst——this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession， without going to college， and be just as good as， if not better than， my competitors.

Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time， I feel good about myself because Im doing something， not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.

This is why youre saving my life.

Yours，

Tanis

1. Why didnt Tanis go to college after high school？

A. She had learned enough about computer science.

B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.

C. She preferred taking online courses.

D. She was too slow to learn.

2. What is the Taniss purpose in writing this letter？

A. To explain why she was interested in the computer.

B. To share the ideas she had for her profession.

C. To show how grateful she was to the center.

D. To describe the courses she had taken so far.

（重慶卷）Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country， you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week， how you can get along with your fellow students， and so on. These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.

First， lets talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be， you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology （社会学） or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students， especially at large universities. In lectures， its very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also， you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isnt enough to just read your textbooks； you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures， the reading， and the homework. In large universities， graduate students， called teaching assistants， usually direct discussion sections.

If your major is chemistry， or physics， or another science， youll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab， or laboratory， doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non-science majors do. On the other hand， people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.

1. What is the main purpose of this text？

A. To help the students to learn about university life.

B. To persuade the students to attend lectures.

C. To encourage the students to take part in discussions.

D. To advise the students to choose proper majors.

2. According to the author， which of the following is TRUE about science majors ？

A. They have to work harder than non-science majors.

B. They spend less time on their studies than non-science majors.

C. They consider experiments more important than discussions.

D. They read and write less than non-science majors.

（重庆卷）There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit whisky （威士忌） at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary， “I never saw a lovelier spot.” And she didnt even go fishing.

Scotland is not easily defined. In certain moments， this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light， the rivers， teeming with fish， can turn into streams of gold. As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy， near the Inverlochy Castle， any frustration （煩恼） will float away as gently as the circling water. Its just you and purple， pink， white flowers， seeking a perfect harmony. If you are a new comer to fishing， learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetimes fun. Four many， fishing is more than a sport； it is an art.

Scotland offers interesting places where you can rest after a long days fishing. Set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland， the beautiful Inverlochy Castle Hotel below the Nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of Scotlands mountains. Ben Nevis is the highest of all British mountains， and reaching its 1343-metre top is a challenge. But its not just what goes up that matters； what comes down is unique. More than 900 metres high， on the mountains north face， lies an all-important source of pure water. Its name comes from the Gaelic language “usquebaugh” or “water of life”； And it is the single most important ingredient （原料） in Scotlands best known drink： whisky.

1. The story of Queen Victoria is to show that __________.

A. the queen is rich in tour experience

B. the Castle is a good place to go in Scotland

C. tasting whisky is better than going fishing

D.1873 is a special year for the Queen

2. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed？

A. By giving descriptions.

B. By following time order.

C. By analyzing causes.

D. By making comparisons.

3. What is the main purpose of the passage？

A. To introduce Scottish traditions to tourists.

B. To show the attractions of Scotland to readers.

C. To explore geographical characteristics of Scotland.

D. To describe the pleasure of life in Scotland.

（重慶卷）It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnsons famous comment that“When two English meet， their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnsons observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago， most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.

Bill Bryson， for example， concludes that， as the English weather is not at all exciting， the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider， the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply， the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.

Jeremy Paxman， however， disagrees with Bryson， arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong， he says， because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves， but in uncertainty.” According to him， the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.

Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English. Both commentators， somehow， are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs， which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather， they are routine greetings， conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words， English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.

1. The author mentions Dr. Johnsons comment to show that __________.

A. most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson

B. Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather observation

C. the comment was accurate two hundred years ago

D. English conversations usually start with the weather

2. What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to？

A. A social trend.

B. An emotional state.

C. A historical concept.

D. An unknown phenomenon.

3. What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage？

A. To explain what English weather-speak is about.

B. To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.

C. To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.

D. To convince people that the English weather is changeable.

（重慶卷）Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However， whether you are on the mountains， in the waves， or on the grassland， you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf， as you may know， eats up not only large areas of countryside， but also tons of water. Besides， all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses（球场）in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example， in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain， golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes； and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free， power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly， it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious， sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up， you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors， in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all， its free.

1. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of？

A. Cycling around a lake.

B. Motor racing in the desert.

C. Playing basketball in a gym.

D. Swimming in a sports center.

2. Why does he author use power walking as an example？

A. Because it is an outdoor sport.

B. Because it improves our health.

C. Because it uses fewer resources.

D. Because it is recommended by experts.

3. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage？

A. To show us the function of major sports.

B. To encourage us to go in for green sports.

C. To discuss the major influence of popular sports.

D. To introduce different types of environment-friendly sports.

（重慶卷）Getting rid of dirt， in the opinion of most people， is a good thing. However， there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

In the early 16th century， people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease， as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538， the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV， King of France， was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath， the king ordered that， to avoid the attack of disease， the nobleman should not go out.

Though the belief in the merit（优点）of dirt was long-lived， dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking， cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet， it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea： clothes need to be whiter than white， cloths ever softer， surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt， however， gone too far？

Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt， which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary， Mary Ruebush， an American immunologist（免疫学家）， encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

1. Which of the following best describes Henry IVs attitude to bathing？

A. Afraid. B. Curious.

C. Approving. D. Uninterested.

2. How does the passage mainly develop？

A. By providing examples.

B. By making comparisons.

C. By following the order of time.

D. By following the order of importance.

3. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage？

A. To stress the role of dirt.

B. To introduce the history of dirt.

C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.

D. To present the change of views on dirt.

（重庆卷）To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians （基督教徒） have ever cooked up. For them， the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil （邪恶的）. So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America， a land mistakenly considered to be Eden， everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden， the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.

What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake， a plant that was thought to have come from Hell （地狱）. What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit， the general population considered them one and the same， too terrible to touch.

Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato， and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s， the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her fathers house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit——or is it a vegetable？” As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.

But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson， and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820， people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “What are you afraid of？” he shouted. “Ill show you fools that these things are good to eat！” Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and， according to a local story， set up a tomato-canning factory.

1. What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3 ？

A. The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.

B. There was little progress in the study of the tomato.

C. The tomato was still refused in most western countries.

D. Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.

2. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly ？

A. To make himself a hero.

B. To remove peoples fear of the tomato.

C. To speed up the popularity of the tomato.

D. To persuade people to buy products from his factory.

3. What is the main purpose of the passage？

A. To challenge peoples fixed concepts of the tomato.

B. To give an explanation to peoples dislike of the tomato.

C. To present the change of peoples attitudes to the tomato.

D. To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.

答案與点拨

（一）本文是广告类阅读，主要介绍了纽约几处景点的相关信息，包括中央公园、帝国大厦、无畏号海空博物馆和麦迪逊广场花园。

1. A 细节理解题。由the New York Skyride可定位到第二则广告，再根据第二句The observation deck （瞭望台） on the 86th floor is open to general public， offering a wonderful view of the city. 可知，Skyride是用于观光的，故选A。

2. C 写作目的题。本文主要介绍了纽约几处景点的相关信息，其目的是给游客提供纽约旅游指南，故选C。

（二）本文为说明文，本文就如何保护自己的自行车不被盗窃提了五条建议。

1. D 细节理解题。由Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lampposts or trees. 可知，在Basic Security这部分中给了我们关于离开时锁自行车的信息，故选D。

2. C 推理判斷题。由下文的“It can also help the police find your bicycle.”可推断出它既是一种防止小偷偷车的方法，也是帮助警察找车的方法，选项C正确。此外，我们也可根据生活常识推断，在自行车上做安全标记，对于小偷来说当然是起到了防盗作用，换句话说，这么做的目的是为了“防止有人偷你的自行车”。

3. B 写作目的题。文章第一段提到了苏华买了一辆自行车，她非常担心自行车的安全，她的朋友就给她发了一篇关于保障自行车安全的文章，文章主要就如何保护自己的自行车不被盗窃提了五条建议，即本文的主要目的是建议保证你自行车安全的方法，故选B。

（三）本文是一则广告，主要介绍了EP便捷式取暖器的优点及特色。

1. B 段落大意题。由第二段内容可知，EP便捷式取暖器没有外露的加热部件，不会引起火灾。只有在触碰时EP取暖器外部才会发热，所以不会烫伤小孩或宠物。由此可见，本段主要讲EP便捷式取暖器的安全性，故选B。

2. D 推理判断题。由第四段最后一句“With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.”可知，EP取暖器能够使房间内任何地方的温度都是一样的。换言之，这种取暖器能够使房间均匀受热，因此evenly在此处理解为“均匀地”，故选D。

3. A 写作目的题。由文章最后两段，特别是最后一句“Take action right now！”可知，本文是一则广告，广告的目的是吸引读者来购买这款产品，故选A。

（四）本文主要阐明了关于肥胖和锻炼的几个误区。

1. D 作者观点题。由第二段最后一句“and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.”可知，作者认为肥胖跟不平衡的生活方式有关，故选D。

2. B 作者观点题。由最后一段第三句“Indeed， pain is your body telling you somethings wrong， and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.”可知，如果在锻炼过程中感受到疼痛还继续锻炼会对身体造成严重的伤害。由此可推断，如果当身体感到持续的疼痛就要停止锻炼，故选B。

3. B 写作目的题。由第一段第一句“There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.”可知，对于肥胖和锻炼一直存在着许多人普遍相信却是错误的观点，接着文章讲了四个这样的错误观点并逐一澄清。因此这篇文章的目的是想澄清关于肥胖和锻炼的一些错误观念，故选B。

（五）本文主要介绍了全世界各地有关电影方面的书籍，以满足不同读者的口味。

1. C 推理判断题。题目问的是：谁可能是这篇文章的演讲者？由第二段Welcome to our newly-opened Richards Cinema Bookstore！及下文描述，再结合答案选项，可推断演讲者可能是电影书店的经理，故答案选C。

2. B 细节理解题。该题问的是文中提到几个亚洲国家，我们只要数一数即可。文中提到的国家有：Chinese-China，French-France，Indian-India，British-Britain，Mexican-Mexico，Japanese-Japan，Australian-Australia，German-Germany，Itlian-Itlia。其中是欧洲的有：France，Britain，Germany，Itlia；Mexico是美洲的；Australia是大洋洲的；属于亚洲的有：China，India，Japan。故选项B正确。

3. A 写作目的题。文章问的是演讲者的目的是什么？电影书店的经理向大家介绍了全世界各地的书籍，目的显然是为了吸引顾客，满足顾客的不同需求。B“把顾客留在电影书店里”，虽说演讲者的其中一个目的是想留住顾客，但演讲者主要还是想吸引新的顾客，所以B答案过于片面；C“提供顾客见电影明星的机会”和D“让读者做电影制片商”明显不符合文意，故答案选A。

（六）因患有注意力缺陷多动障碍而无法上大学的作者在网上发现了一个教育中心的计算机培训课程，从而使她能够像正常人一样学习计算机课程，并因此改变了她的生活。

1. B 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句“The fact was that I was found to have ADHD... I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.”可知，“我”患有注意力缺陷多动障碍，不能集中注意力超过一个小时；再结合第四段第一、二句“... my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school， but couldnt.”可知，“我”本想在高中后去上大学，但“我”的病情加重了，因此注意力更难以集中了，故选项B正确。

2. C 写作目的题。由文章的第一段“I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.”及倒数第二段的“Thank you.”可知，作者写信的目的是想表达自己对该教育中心的感谢。A项“解释她为何对电脑感兴趣”；B项“分享她关于自己职业的观点”；D项“描述她目前为止所上过的课程”均不是写信的目的，故选C。

（七）本文主要介绍了大学的每周日程安排及专业课程学习的相关内容，旨在帮助学生更好地了解大学生活。

1. A 写作目的题。第一段提到，许多人或许会对在大学一周的时间里通常会做些什么以及如何与你的同学相处等感到很好奇。这些就是“我”今天想要探讨的问题。由此可见，本文的主要目的是帮助学生了解大学生活，故选A。B项和C项属于文章的细节，不够全面，因此不能入选；文章没有涉及到如何选专业的问题，可排除D项。

2. D 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“On the other hand， people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.”可知，文学专业或历史专业的学生所读所写的东西通常比科学专业的学生要多，故选D。

（八）本文主要介绍了苏格兰的风景及重要景点，旨在展示苏格兰的种种魅力。

1. B 推理判断题。由第一段第一句中的“There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions ... at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle.”可知，作者用Queen Victoria的故事是来证明第一句话的，为了更好地说明Inverlochy Castle確实是个好地方，故选B。

2. A 篇章结构题。由第二段内容可知，其主要描写了在Inverlochy Castle钓鱼时可以欣赏到的美丽景色，所使用的手法是描写，故选A。

3. B 写作目的题。本文主要介绍了苏格兰的风景及重要景点，目的是想吸引游客到苏格兰旅游，所以本文主要是向读者展示苏格兰的吸引人之处，故选B。

（九）本文分析了英国人为什么总是喜欢谈论天气。

1. D 作者意图题。由第一段第一句“It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.”可知，众所周知，英国人的任何对话都是以天气开始的。因此引用Dr. Johnson的评论是为了举例说明这一现象，故选D。

2. B 推理判断题。由划线词所在句“as the English weather is not at all exciting， the obsession with it can hardly be understood.”可知，英国的天气一点也不令人兴奋，英国人对谈论天气的痴迷，让人很难理解。A项“一种社会趋势”；B项“一种情绪状态”；C项“一个历史概念”；D项“一种未知的现象”，故选B。

3. A 写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文主要分析了英国人为什么总是喜欢谈论天气。作者在文中列出了两个人对这一问题的误解并在最后一段指出，英国人谈论天气是惯常的问候语、开场白，这是社会联系的一种方式，故选A。

（十）运动可以帮助你保持健康和与接触大自然，作者建议人们要多进行环保的、不消耗资源的运动。

1. A 作者观点题。由全文内容可知，作者主张的是环保型运动，选项中符合环保型运动的是环湖骑车，故选A。

2. C 作者意图题。第三段首先提出：There are many environment-friendly sports.（有很多环境友好型的运动），然后介绍“Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes； and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse.（快走运动除了一双好鞋，不需要任何特殊器材；也不用担心资源和你的钱包）”，所以作者用power walking为例是因为它消耗较少的能源，故选C。

3. B 写作目的题。文章开头提到人们选择的运动对环境产生巨大影响，然后以高尔夫为例介绍了消耗资源的运动项目，接着由以快走运动为例介绍了环境友好型的运动，最后一段又提到无论是何种运动，你都可以通过使用环保的器材，购买可循环材料制造的产品来使这项运动更环保。由此可见，文章的目的是想鼓励人们参加绿色的运动，故选B。

（十一）本文以时间为顺序主要讲述了人们对待污垢的态度。

1. A 推理判断题。由第二段最后两句“Henry IV， King of France， was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath， the king ordered that， to avoid the attack of disease， the nobleman should not go out.”可知，法国国王Henry IV是出了名的脏，他听说有个贵族洗了澡，就下令其不得外出，以免疾病侵袭。由此可见，Henry IV对于洗澡的态度是“害怕的（afraid）”，故选A。

2. C 篇章结构题。由“In the early 16th century（16世纪早期）”“since the 18th century（18世纪）”“nowadays（现在）”等时间可看出文章是按照时间顺序发展的，故选C。

3. D 写作目的题。第一段第二句“However， there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.”为文章的主题句，即“人们对于污垢的态度不是一成不变的”，接着文章分别讲了16世纪早期、18世纪以及现在的人们对污垢的态度，由此可见作者写这篇文章的目的是呈现人们对于污垢的态度的变化，故选D。

（十二）本文主要讲述了西红柿从最开始被认为是“邪恶的水果”到最终被接受的过程。

1. C 推理判断题。由划线部分的前半句“Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato”可知，谨慎的欧洲人长时间忽视西红柿；再结合划线部分的中的“continued”可推断，西红柿在很多西方国家仍然是不被接受的，故选C。

2. B 细节理解题。由最后一段中Robert Johnson所说的话“What are you afraid of？”“Ill show you fools that these things are good to eat！” 可知，Robert Johnson当众吃下西红柿是为了消除人们对它的恐惧，故选B。

3. C 写作目的题。本文主要讲述了西红柿从最开始被认为是“邪恶的水果”到最终被接受的过程。即本文主要展示了人们对西红柿的态度的变化，故选C。

责任编辑 蒋小青