杨发斌+刘华+邱念伟+王凤德+高建伟

摘要：大白菜是我国栽培面积最广、产量最高的蔬菜作物之一。大白菜性喜冷凉，高温条件下不结球或者结球松散，因而高温严重影响大白菜的产量和商品性。近年来，人们对大白菜耐热的生理生化以及分子生物学机制进行了大量研究，发现渗透调节物质的大量积累、稳定的细胞膜结构以及完整的保护酶系统是大白菜适应高温胁迫的重要生理条件；热激转录因子（HSFs）、热激蛋白（HSPs）以及小RNAs等则在大白菜耐热的分子层面扮演着重要角色。此外，科研人员在对大白菜耐热分子标记的开发等方面也开展了大量研究并取得了较大进展，这为下一步大白菜耐热性分子标记辅助选择育种奠定了基础。本文对上述研究进行了系统的综述，以期为今后耐熱大白菜新品种的培育提供科学依据。

关键词：大白菜；热胁迫；耐热机制；分子标记

中图分类号：S634.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）12-0149-05

Abstract Chinese cabbage is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops with the highest yield in China. Chinese cabbage likes cool climate， so it can not form leaf head or only form loose leaf head at high temperature， which seriously influences its yield and commodity characteristics. In recent years， people have conducted many researches on the physiological， biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms of heat tolerance in Chinese cabbage. The results showed that accumulation of osmotic， maintaining stability of cell membrane structure and completely protective enzyme system played very important roles for Chinese cabbage to adapt to heat stress. Heat shock transcription factors （HSFs）， heat shock proteins （HSPs） and small RNAs in Chinese cabbage played important roles for response to heat tolerance at molecular level. In addition， researchers have carried out many studies on developing heat-tolerant molecular markers of Chinese cabbage and achieved great progresses， which laid foundations for its molecular marker assisted breeding in heat resistance. In this paper， we summarized the above researches so as to provide scientific bases for breeding new varieties of heat-resistant Chinese cabbage.

Keywords Chinese cabbage； Heat stress； Mechanism of heat tolerance； Molecular markers

大白菜起源于我国，常年种植面积2×106 hm2左右，总产约1亿吨，是种植面积最大、产量最高的蔬菜作物之一。大白菜性喜冷凉，我国北方地区主要在秋季种植，南方地区则多种植在冷凉的高山地带。近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高及饮食结构的多样化，人们对夏白菜的需求量越来越大。为了满足市场需求，人们采取各种栽培方式在炎热的夏季种植大白菜，而夏季大白菜种植的关键在于耐热品种的培育。目前，国内外科学家已培育出多个耐热大白菜品种，并对其耐热的生理生化机制以及分子生物学机制进行了大量研究。……