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肾病综合症患者使用利尿剂引起肾损害的案例分析

2018-01-08张寒娟于丽相湘

上海医药 2018年23期

张寒娟 于丽 相湘

摘 要 目的:重视临床利尿剂引发的肾损伤,并为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:通过参与一例肾病综合症患者使用利尿剂引起肾损害的治疗,从利尿剂肾损害易感因素和防治原则进行综合分析,并提出干预措施。结果:病情得到控制,肾功能得到恢复,并提高了患者依从性,加强了医务人员对利尿剂肾损害的认识。结论:临床药师参与肾病综合征的治疗,能有效改善患者预后,保障患者的用药安全。

关键词 肾病综合征 利尿剂 肾损害

中图分类号:R983.1; R692 文献标志码:C 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)23-0114-03

Case analysis of renal injury caused by diuretics in a patient with nephrotic syndrome*

ZHANG Hanjuan**, YU Li, XIANG Xiang

(Department of Pharmacy, the Seventh Peoples Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450016, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To pay attention to kidney injury caused by clinical diuretics and provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods: The susceptibility factors and the prevention principles of diuretic kidney injury were comprehensively analyzed by clinical pharmacists participating in the treatment of renal injury caused by diuretics in a patient with nephrotic syndrome and meanwhile some intervention measures were proposed. Results: His condition was controlled, renal function was restored and compliance was improved, and on the other hand, medical staffs awareness of diuretic renal injury was enhanced. Conclusion: The prognosis of patients can be effectively improved and the medication safety of patients can be ensured by a mode for clinical pharmacists to participate in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.

KEY WORDS nephrotic syndrome; diuretic; renal injury; clinical pharmacists

利尿剂通过不同的机制使水、钠通过肾脏途径排出体外而起到利尿、调节水电解质平衡的作用,应用于临床上各种原因引起的水钠潴留(如肾病综合征、充血性心力衰竭、急性肺水肿、肝硬化等)、高血压和慢性肾脏病(CKD)等。尤其是具有强大利尿作用的襻利尿剂和噻嗪类药物被广泛地应用于临床,然而他们引发的肾损伤作用往往被不少医师忽略。笔者在临床药学实践中发现一例肾病综合征伴冠心病支架术后患者使用利尿剂后出现肾功能不全的病例,临床药师及时干预,使肾功能恢复正常。本文通过对该案例的分析,以加深临床医师和药师对利尿剂致肾损害的认识。

1 病例资料

1.1 基本信息

患者,男,54岁,因“确诊肾病综合征1.5年、全身水肿15 d”入院。患者1.5年前无明显诱因出现颜面部及四肢水肿,伴尿量减少,诊断为“肾病综合征”,行肾脏穿刺活检报告为微小病变。……

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