聂良鹏　郭利伟　宁堂原　郭慧玲　吕玉虎　郭晓彦　陈雪青　史鹏飞　张丽霞　张琳　潘兹亮

摘要 设置施肥方式和保水剂2个因素，研究控释尿素施用方式与保水剂互作对玉米穗位叶上蔗糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性和籽粒中直链淀粉与支链淀粉含量的影响。结果表明，控释尿素施肥方式与保水剂互作对玉米糖类代谢影响显著，花后30 d是改良玉米籽粒品质的关键时期。与普通尿素相比，包膜控释尿素底施和深施能提高穗位叶的磷酸蔗糖酶活性，促进叶片内蔗糖的合成，使叶片内蔗糖含量维持较高的水平，保水剂降低了叶片内蔗糖合成酶活性。普通尿素与保水剂耦合后能提高籽粒内淀粉含量，并且能显著提高支链淀粉的含量。

关键词 控释尿素；保水剂；施肥方式；玉米；蔗糖代谢；酶活性

中图分类号 S153 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）20-0008-04

Abstract Effect of interaction of controlled release urea and water retaining agent on sucrose content，sucrose synthase activity，sucrose phosphate synthase activity，amylose content and amylopectin content in maize ear leaves were studied.The results showed that interaction between fertilization ways of controlled-release urea and water retaining agent significantly affected on sugar metabolism，30 d after flowering is the key period for improving grain quality of maize.Compared with ordinary urea，the membrane controlled release urea and deep application can improve the activity of sucrose in the ear of maize leaf，promote the synthesis of sucrose in the leaves，so that the content of sucrose in the leaves is maintained at a high level，and the water retenting agent can reduce the activity of sucrose synthase in the leaves.Coupling between ordinary urea and water retention agent can improve the grain starch content，and significant improve the branched chain starch content.

Key words controlled release urea；water retaining agent；fertilization way；maize；sucrose metabolism；enzyme activity

玉米需肥较多，选择合理的氮肥类型与施肥方式对提高玉米氮素利用效率尤其重要[1-3]。与普通尿素相比，包膜控释尿素既可以显著提高作物产量，又能提高氮素利用率，还能减少环境污染[4]。不同的施氮方式提供的氮素量不同，适宜的施氮方式可以促进氮素的吸收和利用，为叶片供给充足的养分含量，延长光合作用时间[5-9]。保水剂对水肥具有调控作用，其与氮肥配施可以促进作物生长，提高作物产量[10]。淀粉是玉米籽粒的主要成分，其原料来源于淀粉降解产生的蔗糖或叶片合成[11]，叶片中SS、SPS是参与蔗糖合成与降解的主要酶，其活性与叶片提供底物的数量有直接关系，从而影响淀粉的合成[12]。……