伏安法测电阻误差分析与修正方法
2018-01-03王雷妮倪江利杨波
王雷妮 倪江利 杨波
摘 要:安培表与电压表内阻的存在,使得伏安法测电阻无论选择内接法还是外接法测量结果都会存在误差。理论分析两种电路误差来源,根据误差来源推倒出两种测量方法的修正公式。文章旨在引导学生分析内接与外接误差来源并对误差进行修正,即修正后可得到准确测量结果,并结合测量实例分析修正结果的可靠性。
关键词:伏安法;内阻;误差分析;修正;准确测量
中图分类号:O441.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2018)33-0133-02
Abstract: Because of the existence of the internal resistance of ammeter and voltmeter, there will be errors in the results of voltammetric measurement of resistance, no matter the method of internal or external connection is chosen. Two kinds of circuit error sources are analyzed theoretically, and the correction formulas of two measuring methods are deduced according to the error sources. The purpose of this paper is to guide students to analyze the sources of internal and external errors and to correct the errors, i.e., the accurate measurement results can be obtained after the correction, and the reliability of the correction results can be analyzed with the examples of measurement.
Keywords: voltammetry; internal resistance; error analysis; correction; accurate measurement
伏安法测电阻是电学基础实验,无论采用哪种测量方法结果都会存在误差,以前并没有关于内接外接测量误差修正的报道,本篇在于引导学生分析内接与外接误差来源并对误差进行修正,结合实例分析无论是大电阻或是小电阻,可任意选择一种连接方法进行测量,通过修正所得结果较准确。
1 安培表内接与外接的选择原则与误差来源
高中阶段,教材对伏安法测电阻安培表内接或是外接选择介绍的较笼统,即是R测>>RA时选择内接法,R测< 图1为安培表内接电路图,内接法测量电压值偏大,继而引起待测电阻值偏大。由R测===RX+RA>RX可知内接法测量误差为电流表内阻RA,测量相对误差为Er(内)=×100%=×100%,可见比值越小测量的相对误差就越小。图2为安培表外接电路图,此方法测量电流值偏大,继而引起待测电阻值偏小。由R测===RX 2 内接与外接误差修正 基于上文分析可知内接法测量电阻时,误差来源为安培表内阻,因此把安培表内阻……
