浙江 袁宏阳

基于学科核心素养的概要写作教学策略

浙江 袁宏阳

一、引言

我国已经明确提出英语学科的核心素养包括语言能力、文化品格、思维品质和学习能力。它们是相互协调、有机联系的。语言能力是英语学科素养的基础，包括语言输入与输出，即语言知识、语言技能、语言理解和语言表达。思维品质是英语学科核心素养的提升，是在语言能力基础上形成的思维活动能力和水平的反映。文化素养是英语学科核心素养在语言能力和思维品质上的突破，深入到语言中的文化内涵，是培养学生国际视野和世界胸怀的重要窗口。学习能力则是所有能力形成的基础，也是所有能力的结晶与集中体现，更是学生进一步学习的促动器，是其他素养的“催化剂”。

概要写作是学生对语言材料进行阅读、分析、理解和内化后，进行再创性地表达的思维活动过程。它是一项复杂的思维任务，它要求写作者具有很高的阅读和写作技巧。概要写作集语言输入与输出为一体，融学科核心素养于其中，是培养学生语言能力、文化品格、思维品质和学习能力的理想平台之一，是教师聚焦学科核心素养的重要教学内容。

二、概要写作教学策略

笔者以如下语篇为例，介绍如何基于学科核心素养进行概要写作教学：

The number of Chinese wearing glasses is rising.In 1970 fewer than a third of 16-to 18-years-olds were found to be short-sighted.Now nearly four-fifths are, and even more in some urban areas.The fastest increase is among primary school students, over 40% of whom are short-sighted, double the rate in 2 000.

The biggest factor in short-sightedness is a lack of time spent outdoors.Exposure to daylight helps retina（视网膜）to release a chemical that slows down the increase in the eye’s axial length, which is what most often causes myopia（近视）.A combination of not being outdoors and doing lots of work focusing up close(like writing characters or reading) worsens the problem.But if a child has enough time in the open, they can study all they like and their eye-sight should not suffer,says Ian Morgan of Australian National University.

Yet China and many other East Asian countries do not prize time outdoors.At the age of six, children in China and Australia have similar rates of myopia.Once they start school,Chinese children spend about an hour a day outside, compared with three or four hours for Australian ones.Schoolchildren in China are often made to take a nap after lunch rather than playing outside; they then go home to do far more homework than anywhere outside East Asia.The older children in China are, the longer they stay indoors—and not because of the country’s notorious pollution.

Since poor sight is associated with higher incomes and more schooling, it is less wide-spread in rural areas of China.In the countryside a third of primary-school students are myopic, compared with nearly half of urban children,according to the health ministry.But eyesight problems there are somewhat different.Stanford University’s Rural Education Action Programme found that one in six rural children with poor sight do not wear glasses—thanks to a combination of cost, poor eye care in schools and a mistaken belief that wearing glasses weakens eyes further.

1.解析语篇，培养思维品质

McCarthy & Carter提出了语言即语篇的观点，从语篇的角度来描述语言特征，强调语言教学应以语篇为单位来组织，把语篇能力的培养作为外语教学的新目标。……