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哈尔滨手术室吸入麻醉废气污染状况及防护措施

2017-12-14廉爱玲马鸿雁兴东梅杨帆王丹

中国医药导报 2017年33期

廉爱玲++马鸿雁++兴东梅+杨帆+王丹

[摘要] 目的 探討哈尔滨手术室吸入麻醉废气污染情况,为制订相应的防护措施提供依据。 方法 采用便利抽样法选择2015年1~5月哈尔滨市20家医院的180个手术间。按照是否采用吸入麻醉分为吸入组(55间)和非吸入组(125间)。比较两组废气检出率和废气超标率。采用自制的调查问卷对医护人员对麻醉废气的认知情况进行调查。 结果 吸入组的废气检出率(98.2%)高于非吸入组(72.8%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。吸入组的废气超标率(58.2%)高于非吸入组(22.4%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。手术室医护人员中选择麻醉废气为手术室潜在危险因素的比例(98.0%)明显高于生物性危险因素(80.0%)、物理性因素(56.0%)和化学性因素(73.0%)。 结论 吸入麻醉可造成手术间麻醉废气的污染,手术室医护人员对麻醉废气的认知度较高,采取有效的防护措施至关重要。

[关键词] 手术室;麻醉废气;防护

[中图分类号] R472 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)11(c)-0183-04

Pollution conditions and protective measures of anesthetic waste gas inhalation in Harbin operation room

LIAN Ailing1 MA Hongyan2 XING Dongmei2 YANG Fan3 WANG Dan2

1.Center of Outpatient Operating Room, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150001, China; 2.Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150001, China; 3.Department of Occupational Health Assessment, the Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150010, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the pollution conditions of anestheic waste gas inhalation in Harbin operation room and develop protective measures accordingly. Methods From January to May 2015, 180 operation room in Harbin were selected from 20 hospitals by convenient sampling method and divided into inhalation group and non-inhalation group according to inhalation anesthesia. The detection rate of exhaust gas and the exhaust gas exceeding rate were compared between the two groups. The self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the congnitive of the operating room staff. Results The detection rate of exhaust gas in inhalation group (98.2%) was higher than that of non-inhalation group (72.8%), with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The exhaust gas exceeding rate in inhalation group (58.2%) was higher than that of non-inhalation group (22.4%), with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The proportion of choosing anesthetic exhaust gas (98.0%) as the potential risk factors was significantly higher than biological risk factor (80.0%), physical factors (56.0%) and chemical factors (73.0%) in operating room staff. Conclusion Inhalation anestheic waste gas can cause the pollution of the operation room. The staff in the operating room have higher awareness of anesthetic waste gas. It is necessary to take active and effective protective measures.endprint

[Key words] Operation room; Anesthetic waste gas; Protection

手术室既是一个对空气质量有较高要求的场所,也是一个空气质量堪忧的场所[1]。随着医疗技术的不断提高,吸入麻醉剂在临床上的应用也十分广泛,尤其是在手术治疗过程中,吸入麻醉剂俨然已经成为主要的麻醉手段[2]。手术室内麻醉废气可作为手术室空气质量受到影响的重要因素之一。大量资料显示,吸入麻醉废气对人体具有致突变性、致癌性、降低生育能力等影响[3]。如果手术室内麻醉废气不能及时排除,手术室的医护人员长期暴露在这种恶劣空气环境中,将对其身心健康造成不同程度的影响,甚至影响技术的正常发挥。因此改善手术室的空气环境,保护医务人员的身心健康成为当务之急。本文就此进行了研究与分析,结果报道如下:

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

采用便利抽样法选取2015年1~5月哈尔滨市20家医院,其中三级医院5家,二级医院15家,共有手术间180间。按照采样期间是否采用吸入麻醉分为吸入组和非吸入组,其中吸入组共55间手术室,二级医院8家,三级医院3家,非吸入组共125间手术室,二级医院7家,三级医院2家。……

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