欧礼坚+纪传鹏+李帆+徐海汐

摘 要：经验法是基于“声源-传递路径-接受点”系统分析法结合房间声学提出的一套经验型的船舶舱室噪声快速预报方法。它将噪声的传递和衰减分别按空气噪声和结构噪声两条路径计算；接受点的噪声声压级结合房间声学计算。经验法可在总布置方案基本确定阶段对全船各舱室噪声水平进行初步预报。

统计能量法是以统计物理学原理为基础，将复杂结构分解成一系列子系统，以每一子系统内的能量作为其基本变量。预测耦合结构元件和声学容积的振级和噪声，解决声场与结构间的耦合问题。高频、宽带随机激励的复杂结构动力响应及其噪声辐射问题，采用统计能量法更精确。

为了对比分析两种方法的工程实用性，采用两种方法分别计算某型快艇的主要舱室噪声水平并与实测数据进行比较：经验法预报舱室噪声非常高效，但精度差；统计能量法预报舱室噪声精度较高，但需要详细设计图纸和资料，且建立模型时间较长。

关键词：经验法；能量统计法；噪声

中图分类号：X593 文献标识码：A

Comparison of Empirical Method and Statistical Energy Method for Noise Prediction of Yacht Cabins

OU Lijian1， JI Chuangpeng1， LI Fan1， XU Haixi2

（ 1.South China University of Technology， Guangzhou 510640； 2. Guangzhou Lijian Ship Engineering Co.， Ltd. Guangzhou 510640 ）

Abstract： Based on the systematic analytic method of acoustic source – transmit path – receiver point， combined with room acoustics， the empirical method is proposed as an experiential and rapid approach to predict noise of the cabins aboard. The transmission and attenuation of acoustics are computed in airborne and structureborne paths separately. The sound pressure level （SPL） of the noise in receive point is computed combined with room acoustics. The empirical method can be utilized to preliminarily predict noise levels of cabins the stage that the general arrangement is determined basically. Statistical energy method is based on the principle of statistical physics. The complex structure is decomposed into a series of subsystems， and the energy in every subsystem is served as basic variable to predict the vibration level and noise of coupling structural components and acoustic volumes， and solve the coupling problem of acoustics field and the structure. For high-frequency and broadband random excitation， the complex dynamic response of the structure and its noise radiation， statistical energy method is more accurate. To compare the engineering practicability of the two methods， the noise level of a certain type of yachts main cabin is computed by empirical method and statistic energy method separately， and they are compared with the measured data. For predicting cabin noise， empirical method is very efficient but bad in precision， while statistical energy method is quite accurate but requires detailed design drawings and data and much time for modeling.

Key words： Empirical method； Statistical energy method； Noise

1 前言

國际海事组织（IMO）海上安全委员会（MSC）第90次会议批准了《船上噪声等级规则》修订草案，对1 600 GT适用的船型、船舶不同区域的噪声限值、舱壁和甲板隔声指数、噪声的测量仪器和测量方法等进行了修订，对船舶的降噪性能提出了更高要求。endprint

豪华游艇是一种高级奢侈品，为了达到享受和娱乐的目的，对艇内装修和设备的要求很高。……