聂跃花

【摘要】 目的：研究破产铅锌企业从业人员尘肺病罹患情况。方法：将本市某县2014-2015年破产铅锌企业中的823名从业人员纳入本次研究中的观察组，将同期本县正常运营铅锌企业中的863名从业人员作为对照组，对比两组从业者中尘肺病的发生率、病情程度，以及两组尘肺病患者的粉尘接触时间及年龄，并分析尘肺病的发生与企业运营状况的相关性。结果：观察组尘肺发生率为79.34%，对照组尘肺发生率为27.46%，观察组尘肺发生率显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。观察组患者肺部病患病情程度较对照组严重，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。企业运营状态与从业人员肺部疾病程度及尘肺发生率均具有中度相关性（0.5≤r<0.8，P<0.01）。观察组患者的年龄小于对照组，从业时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：破产铅锌企业因企业运营状况的原因，导致对从业人员的职业保护不到位，从而使得尘肺病的发生率更高，病情更加严重。

【关键词】 铅锌企业； 破产企业； 尘肺病； 粉尘接触史

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2017.23.028 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2017）23-0057-03

Study on the Incidence of Pneumoconiosis Among Employees of Bankrupt Lead Zinc Enterprises/NIE Yue-hua.//Chinese and Foreign Medical Research，2017，15（23）：57-59

【Abstract】 Objective：To study the pneumoconiosis prevalence of bankruptcy lead-zinc employees.Method：823 employees of bankruptcy lead-zinc enterprises were selected as the observation group in this study，from 2014 to 2015 in the county，at the same period，863 employees of the normal operation lead-zinc enterprises in the county as the control group.The incidence rate of pneumoconiosis，severity of disease，the dust contact time of pneumoconiosis patients in the two groups and age were compared. Analyzed correlation of the incidence of pneumoconiosis and operation conditions.Result：In the observation group，the incidence rate was 79.34%，the control group was 27.46%，the incidence rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）；patients with pulmonary disease severity was more serious than that of the control group，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）；enterprise operation state and employees were also has a moderate correlation（0.5≤r<0.8，P<0.01）；the age of patients was less，and working time was shorter than that of the control group，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）.Conclusion：Due to the bad operating conditions of bankruptcy lead-zinc enterprises，the occupational protection of practitioners does not reach the designated position.Consequently，it brings about the higher pneumoconiosis incidence and more serious illness.

【Key words】 Lead-zinc enterprises； Bankrupt enterprises； Pneumoconiosis； Dust exposure history

First-authors address：Yaan Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Yaan 625000，China

肺部塵埃沉着病简称为尘肺病，是因长期吸入生产型粉尘，并潴留于肺部而诱发的肺部组织发生弥漫性纤维性病理改变[1-3]。尘肺有多种类型，其中矽肺为最多见且病情进展最迅速，危害性最大的一种尘肺类型[4]。我国铅锌矿为矽肺发生较多的矿山类型[5]。在铅锌矿山的日常作业过程中粉尘浓度极高，矽肺的发病率也相对更高。随着我国经济、文化、医疗水平的综合提升，各铅锌企业对于矽肺病的预防均制定出诸多措施，但企业的预防保护措施与企业的运营状况密切相关，当企业破产时相关预防保护措施的实施多无法周全。为研究破产铅锌企业的从业人员尘肺病的发生情况，笔者对本县内的破产铅锌企业与正常营运的铅锌企业从业者进行了相关调查分析，现将详细研究过程与分析数据报道如下。……