微波干燥及灭菌技术在中药领域应用概况
2017-11-13王爽聂其霞张保献张丽艳臧琛王国华尚悦
王爽 聂其霞 张保献 张丽艳 臧琛 王国华 尚悦
摘要:与中药传统干燥方法相比,微波技术不仅具有操作简便、快捷、效果佳、药物外观性状保持良好、耗能低等特点,在干燥的同时,还有非常优异的灭菌效果。本文简述了微波干燥、灭菌技术的特点及影响因素,综述其在中药领域的应用概况,并针对安全性问题(微波辐射和微波残留)等提出目前研究存在的问题及展望。
关键词:微波干燥;微波灭菌;中药;微波辐射;综述
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.11.034
中图分类号:R283 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2017)11-0132-05
Application of Microwave Drying and Sterilization Technology in TCM Field WANG Shuang1, NIE Qi-xia2, ZHANG Bao-xian2, ZHANG Li-yan1, ZANG Chen2, WANG Guo-hua2, SHANG Yue3 (1. Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China; 2. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; 3. Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing 100061, China)
Abstract: Compared with traditional drying methods for Chinese materia medica, microwave drying technology is not only with the features of easy and convenient to operate, rapidity, good effects, well remained appearance of medicine and low energy consumption, but also with the feature of extraordinary sterilization effects at the same time with drying. This article introduced the features and effects of microwave drying and sterilization technology, reviewed its application in the TCM field, and proposed existing problems and prospects in the recent research by targeting security problems (microwave radiation and microwave residue).
Key words: microwave drying; microwave sterilization; Chinese materia medica; microwave radiation; review
虫蛀和霉变是影响中药质量的重要因素,诱发原因为物料的高湿度和环境温度不当,因此,干燥及灭菌是中药加工的重要一环。常见干燥方法有晒干、风干/阴干、热风干燥、冷冻干燥等。实际工作中应根据具体情况及中药的性质选择合适的干燥方法。
微波干燥及灭菌技术是近年兴起的方法,具有产品均匀、质量好、速度快、适用性广、低温操作、安全可靠、高效节能、易于实现自动化、连续化操作和满足环保要求等优点,且灭菌效果好。兹对微波技术在中药领域的应用情况进行综述。
1 微波技术特点及影响因素
1.1 微波干燥技术
常用的微波干燥方法分为微波干燥和微波真空干燥。
微波干燥利用的是微波穿透、吸收、反射的性质,在干燥过程中,物料中的极性溶剂分子吸收微波,将微波能转化成热能,故物料的温度由内而外形成温度
基金项目:国家药典委员会药品标准提高任务(2015年)
通訊作者:尚悦,E-mail:shangyue@chp.org.cn……p>
