梁晓丽，魏峭嵘，石 瑛

（东北农业大学农学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030）

密度与氮钾肥对‘东农311’光合特性及产量的影响

梁晓丽，魏峭嵘，石 瑛*

（东北农业大学农学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030）

以中晚熟鲜食马铃薯品种‘东农311’为试验材料，研究不同密度和氮钾肥处理下的光合特性及产量性状，以便为该品种的丰产优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明，光合特性在不同因素条件下表现不同，氮处理对SPAD（Soil and plant analyzer development，SPAD）值和净光合速率的影响极显著；钾处理对SPAD值和气孔导度的影响显著；密度处理仅对SPAD值影响显著。综合来看，SPAD值在施氮量为10 kg/667m2、施钾量为7.5 kg/667m2、密度为4 200株/667m2时最大；净光合速率在施氮量为15 kg/667m2、施钾量为7.5 kg/667m2、密度为5 000株/667m2时最大；气孔导度在施氮量为15kg/667m2、施钾量为12.5kg/667m2、密度为3400株/667m2时最大。三个因素条件中，钾素对产量影响显著，且在施氮量5 kg/667m2、施钾量12.5 kg/667m2、种植密度为4 200株/667m2时产量最高，为3 150 kg/667m2；在施氮量15kg/667m2、施钾量7.5kg/667m2、种植密度为5000株/667m2时商品薯率最大，为71.29%。

马铃薯；氮肥；钾肥；密度；光合；产量

Abstrraacctt::The late maturing table potato variety'Dongnong 311'was used as the experimental material,and the photosynthetic and yielding characters of different densities,nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applications were studied,which will provide the theoretical basis for high yield and high quality cultivation of this variety.Photosynthetic characteristics were different under different factors,and the effects of nitrogen treatment on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development(SPAD)value and net photosynthetic rate were highly significant;the effects of potassium treatment on SPAD value and stomatal conductance were significant;the density treatment only had significant effect on SPAD value.On the whole,the SPAD value was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 10 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667m2,and the density was 4 200 strain/667m2;the net photosynthetic rate was maximal when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 7.5 kg/667m2,and density was 5 000 hill/667m2;the stomatal conductance was the largest when the amount of nitrogen was 15 kg/667m2,potassium applied was 12.5 kg/667m2,and density was 3 400 hill/667m2.In the three factors,potassium had significant effects on yield,and the yield was the highest when the nitrogen amount was 5 kg/667m2,potassium was 12.5 kg/667m2,and planting density was 4 200 hill/667m2,at which the yield was 3 150 kg/667m2;the marketable tuber percentage was the largest when the nitrogen amount was 15 kg/667m2,potassium was 7.5 kg/667m2,and planting density was 5 000 hill/667m2,which was 71.29%.

Key Worrddss::potato;nitrogen fertilizer;potassium fertilizer;density;photosynthesis;yield

马铃薯是世界上广泛栽培的第四大粮食作物[1]，具有产量高、生育期短、适应性强、分布范围广、营养全面、经济价值高等特点，既可作为粮、菜、饲兼用的作物，又可作为工业原料而广泛地应用于食品工业、淀粉工业、饲料工业和医药工业等[2]。马铃薯已被联合国粮农组织（FAO）视为21世纪保证粮食安全的作物，随世界人口的增加其重要性日益突出[3]。

氮素是植物重要的营养三要素之一，在马铃薯生长发育过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。缺氮会导致植株矮小、生长缓慢、叶色淡绿，叶片又小又薄，分枝数少，开花早，抗逆性差，早疫病发病重，产量低，干物质含量也低于正常植株；……