牛树君，李玉奇，张新瑞，余海涛，胡冠芳

（甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所，甘肃 兰州 730070）

防除马铃薯田阔叶杂草除草剂的筛选及对马铃薯安全性

牛树君，李玉奇，张新瑞，余海涛，胡冠芳*

（甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所，甘肃 兰州 730070）

为了筛选出对马铃薯田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂，选择7种目前常用的除草剂进行大田试验。试验结果表明，播后苗前土壤处理除草剂50%乙草胺EC、33%二甲戊灵EC、50%利谷隆WP和33%二甲戊灵EC+50%乙草胺EC，在3.75 L/hm2、4.5 L/hm2、4.5 kg/hm2和2.25 L/hm2+1.875 L/hm2剂量下，对马铃薯安全，且对阔叶杂草具有一定的防除效果，其中50%利谷隆WP具有显著防效，药后60 d对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别达到96.70%和98.34%；苗期茎叶处理除草剂56%2甲4氯钠盐WP、70%嗪草酮WP以及二者的配比混剂组合70%嗪草酮WP+56%2甲4氯钠盐WP，在1.8 kg/hm2、1.2 kg/hm2、0.45 kg/hm2+1.35 kg/hm2、1.05 kg/hm2+0.75 kg/hm2剂量下，对马铃薯安全，且对阔叶杂草具有较高防效，药后45 d株防效在71.21%～100.00%，鲜重防效在81.52%～100.00%。

马铃薯；阔叶杂草；除草剂；安全性；防效

Abstrraacctt::Field trails were carried out with 7 currently commonly used herbicides in order to screen herbicides with high control efficiency on broadleaf weeds in potato fields.The results showed that when used as soil treatment herbicides,50%acetochlor EC,33%pendimethalin EC,50%linuron WP and the mixture of 33%pendimethalin EC and 50%acetochlor EC were safe to potato and had a good control to broadleaf weeds 60 days after treatment at the dosages of 3.75 L/ha,4.5 L/ha,4.5 kg/ha and 2.25 L/ha+1.875 L/ha.Control efficiency of 50%linuron WP was significant for broadleaf weeds,and the plant and fresh weight control efficiency to broadleaf weeds reached up to 96.70%and 98.34%.The results also indicated that when used as stem-and leaf-treated herbicides,56%MCPA-Na WP,70%metribuzin WP and the mixture of 70%metribuzin WP+56%MCPA-Na WP were safe to potato and had a good control efficiency to broadleaf weeds 45 days after treatment at the dosages of 1.8 kg/ha,1.2 kg/ha,and 0.45 kg/ha+1.35 kg/ha or 1.05 kg/ha+0.75 kg/ha with the plant control efficiency being between 71.21%and 100.00%,and the fresh control efficiency being between 81.52%and 100.00%.

Key Worrddss::potato;broadleaf weed;herbicide;safety;control efficiency

马铃薯作为世界第四大粮食作物，近年来，伴随着商品农业的发展以及农业种植结构的调整，马铃薯的经济效益更加显著[1,2]。但是，随着马铃薯种植面积的不断扩大，机械化栽培程度的不断提高，种植制度的不同，草害问题也越来越突出，严重影响了马铃薯的产量和品质[3,4]，逐渐发展为制约马铃薯生产的主要因素之一。

马铃薯田杂草的防除，一般采用人工拔除，但这种方法费工费时，效率低下，因此，利用化学除草剂防除杂草势在必行，必将成为马铃薯生产中防除杂草的重要措施[5,6]。马铃薯属阔叶类作物，阔叶类杂草的化学防除相对困难，主要是以土壤处理为主，茎叶处理研究较少。……