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我国临终关怀的现状与发展前景

2017-10-23王凯王新红王松梅

中国医药导报 2017年27期

王凯 王新红 王松梅

[摘要] 临终关怀事业为临终者带去尊严,帮助其坦然面对死亡,缓解身心痛苦,提高生命最后阶段的生活质量。我国临终关怀的事业尚处于萌芽阶段,目前主要面临社会思想观念待转变和相关机构、人员缺乏的问题。在当前人口老龄化日益严重的情况下,我国亟需出台临终关怀的相应法规,普及伦理教育,改善当前医疗环境,招募和培训专业服务人员,帮助临终人员及其家属提高对临终关怀的接纳度,从而大力推广发展临终关怀事业。

[关键词] 临终关怀;老龄化;善终;医疗资源;法律保障

[中图分类号] R48 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)09(c)-0181-04

[Abstract] Palliative care can keep dignity for the dying people, help them face death calmly, improve their life quality in the final stage of life through relieving physical and mental pain. China′s palliative care is still in an embryonic stage, and is facing the problems of the transformation of social ideology and the lack of relevant institutions and personnel. Currently, in the serious situation of increasing aging population, to help dying people and their families to accept palliative care, many efforts needs to be done to introduce the corresponding laws and regulations of palliative care, universal ethics education, improve the medical environment, recruit and train professional service personnel. Thus vigorously promote the development of palliative care.

[Key words] Palliative care; Aging; Hospice; Medical resources; Legal protection

臨终关怀是一种特殊的服务项目,其服务对象为即将走到生命终点的患者及其家属,通过提供全面的照顾以帮助他们缓解身心痛苦并坦然面对死亡。这个服务基于一个信念,就是所有人在有生之日,其生命都应受到尊重,富有意义,并值得他人所关怀。2002年,WHO对临终关怀的定义进行了重新修订:临终关怀是一门临床学科,通过早期识别,积极评估,控制疼痛和治疗其他痛苦症状,包括躯体、社会心理和宗教的(心灵的)困扰,来预防和缓解身心痛苦,从而改善面临威胁生命疾病的临终者和他们的亲人的生命质量[1]。

1600年,法国教士Vincet Depaul在巴黎成立了慈善修女会,旨在照顾濒临死亡的贫病交加者,并为他们操办善后,这被公认为临终关怀的萌芽。而现代临终关怀则发源于1967年,英国的西塞莉·桑德斯博士在伦敦创办了世界上第一座临终关怀护理院-圣·克里斯多弗临终关怀院,为濒临死亡的人提供全方面的照顾。……

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