何大敏 陈阳 杨水平 张雪 赵建 莫静静 张东艳 赵新梅 陈大霞 丁伟

[摘要]煙草黑胫病是由疫霉菌侵染引起的最具危害的土传病害之一，为寻找该病的控制方法，该试验采用菌丝生长速率法，研究了玄参、川明参、半夏等作物茎叶根系提取物、根系分泌物以及提取物与分泌物组合对烟草黑胫病的抑菌效果，结果表明：①玄参、川明参、半夏的茎叶和根系提取物对烟草黑胫病菌有不同程度的抑制作用，且随提取物浓度增大而增强；其中，玄参抑菌活性最强，05 g·mL-1时茎叶、根系提取物抑菌率分别达7488%，6927%；川明参与半夏抑制效果相对较差；川明参茎叶和根系提取物组合后，有明显增益效应。②玄参、川明参、半夏根系分泌物对烟草黑胫病菌均表现出一定的抑菌性，随浓度增大而增强；抑菌强度为川明参>玄参>半夏。③提取物与根系分泌物组合的抑菌性，玄参、川明参相近而强于半夏，均介于各自提取物与根系分泌物之间。玄参、川明参具有防控烟草黑胫病的应用潜力。

[关键词]烟草黑胫病菌； 玄参； 川明参； 提取物； 根系分泌物； 抑菌性

Antifungal effects of three medicinal crops on Phytophthora nicotianae

HE Damin1，2， CHEN Yang1， YANG Shuiping1*， ZHANG Xue3，4*， ZHAO Jian2， MO Jingjing2，

ZHANG Dongyan1， ZHAO Xinmei1， CHEN Daxia4， DING Wei1

（1. College of Resources and Environment， Southwest University， Chongqing 400715， China；

2. Zunyi Subsidiary of Guizhou Tobacco Company， Zunyi 563000， China；

3. Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College， Chongqing 401331， China；

4. Chongqing Academy of Chinese Material Medica， Chongqing 400065， China）

[Abstract]Tobacco black shank is one of the most harmful soilborne diseases infected by Phytophthora parasitica In order to probe the control method to this disease， in this study， the mycelial growth rate method was employed to investigate the antifungal effects of extracts from stemleaf and root， root exudates， and their combination of Scrophularia ningpoensis， Chuanmingshen violaceum and Pinellia ternata The results showed that： ①Stemleaf and root extracts of S ningpoensis， C violaceum and P ternata exhibited different antifungal activities， and the inhibition increased with the increase of extract concentration The antifungal effect of S ningpoensis extracts at 05 g·mL-1 was the strongest than other medicinal plants， the inhibition rate of steamleaf and root extracts reached 7488%， 6927%， respectively The inhibitory effect of C violaceum and P ternata was relatively lower， however， there is a significant gain effect after combination of steamleaf and root extracts of C violaceum ②The root exudates of S ningpoensis， C violaceum and P ternata showed fungistasis to Phytophthora nicotianae， and fungistasis was enhanced with the increase of root exudate concentration The antifungal effect in the order of C violaceum > S ningpoensis > P ternata ③The antifungal activity of combination of extract and root exudate from S ningpoensis was similar with the effect of C violaceum， they were both stronger than P ternata， and the antifungal activity for three combination were located between the antifungal activity of their extracts and root exudates S ningpoensis and C violaceum can be potentially applied to prevent and control the tobacco black shankendprint

[Key words]Phytophthora nicotianae； Scrophularia ningpoensis； Chuanmingshen violaceum； extract； root exudate； antifungal

药用作物和烟草Nicotiana tabacum L都是我国重要的经济作物，但是由于耕地的有限性及行业分割，连作在我国十分普遍[1]。大部分药用作物[2]和烟草具有严重的连作障碍，连作使土壤中的病原微生物大量繁殖，致使某些土传病害的发生危害程度增加[34]，降低产量和品质[1，56]。轮（间/套）作可以有效缓解连作障碍[2，79]。

烟草黑胫病是由疫霉菌Phytophthora parasitica侵染引起的真菌性病害，疫霉菌危害茄科作物如茄、椒、番茄尤其烟草[10]，是世界上种植业最具毁灭性土传病害之一[11]，在我国各烟区都有发生和蔓延[12]，连作加重该病的发生、流行及危害[4，13]。目前对烟……