银杏中黄酮类化合物生物合成、调控机制及其影响因素的研究进展
2017-10-20董理想倪君
董理想+倪君



[摘要]银杏叶片提取物对多种疾病具有治疗效果,并已被广泛应用于临床实践。黄酮类化合物是银杏叶片提取物的主要活性成分之一,所以研究银杏黄酮的合成途径具有非常重要的意义。该综述首先回顾了植物黄酮生物合成途径的总体研究概况,并介绍了目前已经发现的银杏黄酮合成相关基因;其次,介绍了高通量测序技术在银杏研究中的几个实际应用。另外,作为银杏的重要研究方向之一,该综述讨论了外界条件对银杏细胞、整株及采摘后叶片的黄酮含量及相关基因表达的影响,并着重介绍了笔者实验室的最新实验结果。最后,该综述对银杏黄酮领域未来的研究方向做了展望。
[关键词]银杏; 黄酮; 基因
Research progress of flavonoid biosynthesis, regulation mechanism and
influence factors in Ginkgo biloba
DONG Lixiang, NI Jun*
(Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and
Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China)
[Abstract]The extract of ginkgo leaves showed positive effects on treatments of many diseases, and has been used clinically worldwide Considering the fact that flavonoids are the main bioactive components in the extract of ginkgo leaves, it is very important to investigate the flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo leaves In this paper, we first reviewed the research progress of flavonoid biosynthesis in different plants, and introduced the flavonoid biosynthesis related genes discovered in ginkgo Then, several cases of ginkgo researches using high throughput sequencing technology were described in detail In addition, as an important research area in ginkgo, the changes of flavonoid content and the expression of corresponding genes were discussed Specifically, our latest results were described At last, we prospected the development of research area in flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo.
[Key words]Ginkgo biloba; flavonoid; gene
黃酮类化合物(flavonoids)是绝大多数植物共有的一大类次生代谢产物。比如色彩斑斓的花朵,秋天各种颜色的树叶、果实和植物种子,都是由属于黄酮类的色素造成的。目前已知的黄酮类化合物已经超过了6 000种,而且这个数字还在持续上升中[1]。黄酮类化合物的生物合成途径在不同植物中非常保守,并且是植物学中研究最深入的领域之一[2]。它们的合成起始于苯基丙酸类合成途径(phenylpropanoid pathway),查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase)被认为是第一个参与黄酮合成的酶,产生的查尔酮则是所有各种黄酮类化合物的源头。从查尔酮开始,在后续各种酶的催化下,形成了不同大类的黄酮类化合物[3]。最后,通过各种基团转移酶的修饰,在黄酮类化合物的骨架上引入糖基化、甲基化或酰基化修饰,形成了数量极其庞大的黄酮类化合物[1,4]。……
