陈宝虹

摘要：为了解近年来广东省流通领域化肥产品的质量状况，按相关产品标准对2012-2016年在省内市场抽查的1 928批次化肥样品进行检测并统计分析。结果表明，广东省内销售化肥产品总体质量良好，产品合格率有增长的趋势，其总体合格率为91.2%。其中尿素、复混（复合）肥料质量較稳定，合格率在90%以上，掺混肥料质量稳定性较差，合格率仅为81.0%。养分含量超量情况较严重，27%的化肥样品总养分超出标明值的5%，15%的掺混肥料总养分超出标明值的10%，其中以氮养分超量情况最多。化肥养分超量情况进一步加剧了过量施肥对局部地区环境安全的危害。

关键词：化肥；流通领域；稳定性；养分超量

中图分类号：S143 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）17-3323-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.034

Analysis on Quality Stability and Environmental Safety of the Chemical Fertilizer in Guangdong Province during 2012-2016

CHEN Bao-hong

（Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute， Guangzhou 511447， China）

Abstract： In order to understand the quality situation of chemical fertilizer products on the market in recent years， the 1 928 batches of chemical fertilizer samples from Guangdong fertilizer agricultural stores during 2012-2016 were detected and analyzed. Results showed that， the overall quality of fertilizer products sold in Guangdong market was good， and the average qualified rate was 91.2%. The product qualification rate had an increasing trend. Among them， the quality of urea and compound fertilizer was stable， their average qualified rate were all above 90%， but the quality of bulk blending fertilizer was poor， the average qualified rate was only 81.0%. It was serious that the measured content of primary nutrient exceeded the declarable content. Total nutrient in 27% of fertilizer samples exceeded declarable content by 5%， and total nutrient in 15% of the bulk blending fertilizer exceeded declarable content by 10%. In which， the excess of nitrogen nutrient was most likely to happen. The excessive nutrient situation of fertilizer further aggravated the harm of excessive fertilization to local environmental safety.

Key words： fertilizer； circulation； stability； nutrient excess

中国是化肥生产和使用大国，化肥施用量的大幅增加促进了农业快速发展[1]，国内粮食作物增产依赖大量施用化肥。因此化肥作为农资商品，关系到广大农民的切身利益，一直以来都是政府部门严格监管的对象。一方面短斤缺两、假冒伪劣应受到严格打击；另一方面，化肥质量的稳定性更应得到重视。例如生产控制技术不成熟造成养分偏高的情况，会进一步加剧过量施肥带来的浪费资源、水体富营养化、耕地盐渍化等[1，2]系列问题，增加环境污染风险。研究以市场抽查的化肥产品质量数据为依据，重点分析了2012-2016年间广东省流通领域主要化肥产品质量情况和发展趋势，对化肥养分含量浮动情况进行统计分析，并初步探讨养分超量对环境安全的影响。……