侯开领+张磊+周静+夏介英

摘要：利用7个微卫星标记结合高分辨率全自动核酸分析系统，对四川和上海两个不同地区生产的SD大鼠封闭群进行遗传检测，计算并分析其群体遗传学参数。结果在两个SD大鼠群体中共发现等位基因40个，每位点等位基因数4～8个，平均5.714 3个；平均期望杂合度为0.706 8；平均多态信息含量为0.663 4。两个群体分别检测到38和36个等位基因；平均期望杂合度分别为0.706 9和0.697 9；平均多态信息含量分别为0.655 1和0.646 1；两个群体分别有4个位点和5个位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。两群体间Nei（1972）遗传同一性和遗传距离分别为0.268 2和0.764 8，Nei（1978）无偏遗传同一性和遗传距离分别为0.238 1和0.788 2，不同微卫星位点的平均Fst值为0.090 5，表明两个种群的遗传分化程度为中等分化。试验结果表明，两个种群都符合封闭群动物的群体遗传特征，是比较理想的封闭群。

关键词：SD大鼠；封闭群；微卫星；遗传多样性

中图分类号：Q75 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）17-3308-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.030

Genetic Analysis on Two Populations of Closed Colony Sprague-Dawley Rats Using Microsatellite DNA Markers

HOU Kai-ling， ZHANG Lei， ZHOU Jing， XIA Jie-ying

（Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences， Chengdu 610041， Sichuan， China）

Abstract： 7 microsatellite markers were screened by a full-automated high-resolution nucleic acid analysis system for the genetic analysis on two closed populations of Sprague-Dawley rats from two districts of Sichuan and Chengdu， and the population genetic parameters were calculated. The results showed that a total of 40 alleles were detected in two populations， with 4-8 alleles and a mean 5.714 3 alleles at each locus. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.706 8，and the mean polymorphism information content was 0.663 4. In the two populations，38 and 36 alleles were detected，the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.706 9 and 0.697 9，and mean polymorphism information content was 0.655 1 and 0.646 1，respectively. Four loci and five loci， respectively，were in accord with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the two populations. The Nei（1972） genetic identity and genetic distance between the two populations were 0.268 2 and 0.764 8，respectively. The Nei（1978） unbiased genetic identity and genetic distance between the two populations were 0.238 1 and 0.788 2，respectively. The average Fst of all loci was 0.090 5，which implied a moderate genetic differentiation between two populations. It indicated that both the two populations are consistent with a closed group of animal population genetic characteristics.

Key words： Sprague-Dawley rats； closed colony； microsatellite； genetic diversity

封閉群实验动物具有遗传多样性和差异性，与人类群体遗传类似，在人类遗传研究、药理毒理学研究、生物制品和化学制品的鉴定等方面起着不可替代的作用[1]。

封闭群实验动物的遗传质量对实验结果的影响不容忽视，如常用于药理及毒理学研究的封闭群大鼠，由于遗传不稳定及不同实验群体遗传差异造成的药物反应性的不一致对试验结果造成了严重影响[2]。目前国际和国内对封闭群动物均缺乏统一的遗传监测标准，其原因是由于封闭群动物的遗传机制具有复杂性，其遗传检测和遗传质量控制相对困难。……