谭小兵+杨焕文+王戈+张金峰+白羽祥+韦俊+吕世保

摘要：为了探讨楚雄烟区基肥减氮增钾对烤烟光合特性和产质量的影响，以K326为材料，设置基肥不同氮钾运筹处理开展了大田试验。结果表明，不同程度减氮增钾均能明显影响烤烟生长发育、光合特性和产质量，其中处理N2K3（N减量20%+K增量40%）烤烟生长发育较快，农艺性状优良，净光合速率显著高于其他施肥水平，叶片SPAD值最大，各项经济指标均表现最高，产量2 737.5 kg/hm2、产值83 020.5元/hm2，化学成分协调。综上，推荐楚雄烟区生产K326基肥氮钾最佳施用量为氮72 kg/hm2、钾151.2 kg/hm2。

关键词：烤烟；基肥；氮钾运筹；光合特性；产质量

中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）17-3300-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.028

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Potassium in Basal Fertilizer on Photosynthesis Characteristics， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

TAN Xiao-bing1，YANG Huan-wen1，WANG Ge1，ZHANG Jin-feng2，BAI Yu-xiang1，WEI Jun1，LYU Shi-bao1

（1.College of Tobacco Science，Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming 650201，China；

2.Baoshan Tobacco Company，Baoshan 678000，Yunnan，China）

Abstract： Aiming to investigate the effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing potassium in basal fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics，yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Chuxiong tobacco area，field experiment including different nitrogen and potassium treatment were conducted by using K326 as experimental material. The results showed that different levels of reducing nitrogen and increasing potassium obviously affected the growth and development，photosynthetic characteristics， yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco. The growth and development of the treatment N2K3（N reduction of 20%+K increment 40%） were faster，agronomic characters were good， net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than other levels of fertilization，the highest SPAD value， the yield and quality was the highest，the chemical composition was coordinated，production reached 2 737.5 kg/hm2， output value reached 83 020.5 yuan/hm2. Recommended the best fertilizer of production K326 is nitrogen 72 kg/hm2， potassium 151.2 kg/hm2.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco； base fertilizer； ratio of N/K； photosynthetic characteristics； yield and quality

煙草是中国也是世界的主要经济作物之一，无论种植面积还是总产量，中国都居世界首位，是中国财政收入的重要来源之一[1]。但是，中国的烟草生产大而不强，主要体现在烟叶的化学品质上[2]。氮素是决定烤烟产量和品质的重要因素之一。研究表明，烟叶产量和化学成分受氮素施用率的影响远大于土壤肥力总量的影响[3]。钾是烤烟正常生长发育需要量最大的营养元素，是氮素的1.4倍，充足的钾素供应是获得优质高产烟叶的重要条件[4]。关于氮素、钾素用量与烤烟产量和品质的关系已有诸多研究和报道。在一定范围内，随着施氮量的增加，烤烟的产量、效益和品质逐渐提高；当超过一定范围时，增加施氮量，产量有所提高，但效益和品质反而降低[3，5]。钾肥表现同样如此，低钾不能满足烟株对钾的需要，而高钾则会使烟株养分失调，二者都不会获得理想的产质量[6]。……