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红壤旱地芝麻防早衰叶面调控剂筛选研究

2017-10-13魏林根肖运萍汪瑞清吕丰娟华菊玲杜金平

湖北农业科学 2017年17期

魏林根+肖运萍+汪瑞清+吕丰娟+华菊玲+杜金平

摘要:研究结果表明,速效肥料、生长调节剂及抗病药剂对保持芝麻生长中后期的正常生长都能起到积极作用。“磷酸二氢钾+硝酸铵+腐植酸+赤霉素”配制能有效防控红壤旱地芝麻早衰,在此配方基础上,添加代森锰锌能对防控芝麻叶部及茎部病害起到一定的作用,从而增强了红壤旱地上芝麻的抗早衰能力。

关键词:红壤旱地;芝麻;早衰

中图分类号:S565.3;S143.8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)17-3265-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.018

Leaf Regulation Agent Selection of Sesame Anti Senescence in Red Acid Soil

WEI Lin-gen1, XIAO Yun-ping1, WANG Rui-qing1, LV Feng-juan1, HUA Jü-ling1, Du Jin-ping2

(1.Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System for Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanchang 330000, China;

2.Jinxian County Extension Center of Agricultural Techniques, Jinxian 331700, Jiangxi, China)

Abstract: The results showed that readily available fertilizer, plant growth regulators as well as disease resistant could play a positive role to maintain the normal growth of the late growth of sesame. The formulation of KH2PO3,NH4NO3, humic acid and GA could prevent sesame senescence in red acid soil effectively. On the basis of this formula, adding mancozed had a certain effect to control sesame diseases in leaf and stem. As a result, the ability of sesame anti senescence in red soil was enhanced.

Key words: red arid soil; sesame; senescence

近年来,随着人民生活水平的提高,芝麻市场需求量越来越大。芝麻为红壤旱地伏秋干旱季节主要的经济作物之一。受高温、干旱、土壤贫瘠、病害等多种因素的影响,常常引起芝麻植株早衰,导致芝麻种子无法正常成熟而干瘪,或即将成熟的种子充实度不饱满而千粒重降低,最终导致芝麻子粒不饱满,产量低,并影响到芝麻的经济价值。有研究表明,绝大多数陆生植物依靠根系吸收养分,但是植物的叶片也可以吸收外源物质,如气体、营养元素、农药等,叶片在吸收水分的同时能够像根一样把营养物质吸收到植物体中去[1]。将不同形态和种类的养分喷施于作物叶片,其效果与根部施肥基本一样[2]。目前,叶面肥已经大面积应用在水稻[3,4]、小麦[5,6]、棉花[7]、油菜[8]、油茶[9]、苎麻[10]、番茄[11]、大葱[12]、苹果[13]、人参[14]等多种作物上,效果非常显著。但在芝麻上应用的研究报道较少。

氮素是植物体最重要的矿质营养元素,常成为限制植物生长的主要因素。环境中氮素主要包括硝态氮、铵态氮、酰胺态氮以及有机态氮等形态。……

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