2016年湖北省中稻高温热害影响调查分析
2017-10-13邓爱娟刘可群刘敏刘凯文
邓爱娟+刘可群+刘敏+刘凯文



摘要:2016年7月22至8月2日、8月10-25日湖北省先后出现两段持续晴热高温天气,对湖北省中稻抽穗扬花和灌浆造成了一定影响。据调查,湖北省大部中稻都遭遇了抽穗扬花期高温热害,结实率下降明显,部分中稻灌浆期再度遭遇高温热害,千粒重也有所下降,2016年夏季高温热害对湖北省中稻产量有较明显的影响。除了高温热害,前期的梅雨期暴雨洪涝也对中稻产量产生了一定影响,造成分蘖期受淹,有效穗减少,也是产量下降的原因之一。
关键词:中稻;高温热害;结实率;千粒重;湖北省
中图分类号:P458;S511 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)17-3260-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.017
Investigation and Analysis for the Influence of Heat Damage Made onto Middle Rice in Hubei Province in 2016
DENG Ai-juan1, LIU Ke-qun1, LIU Min1, LIU Kai-wen2
(1.Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan 430074,China;
2.Agriculture Meteorological Experiment Station of Jingzhou District,Jingzhou 434000,Hubei,China)
Abstract: In July 22th to August 2nd and August 10th to 25th, continuous heat damage appeared twice, which had a certain effect on the flowering and filling stage of middle rice of Hubei. According to the results of middle rices yield survey, the most middle rice suffered heat damage in flowering stage, which led to the significant reduction of seeding rate. Part of the rice suffered heat damage again in filling stage and that resulted to the reduction of grain weight. In general, the heat damage in summer of 2016 made a relatively significant impact onto the yield of middle rice in Hubei province. Besides, rainstorm flood in plum rain period had also a certain impact on the yield of rice, especially the flood happened in tillering stage which led to the reduction of effective spike. This was another reason for yield reduction of middle rice in Hubei.
Key words: middle rice; heat damage; seeding rate; grain weight; Hubei province
中稻是湖北省主要糧食作物之一,种植范围遍布全省。根据湖北省统计年鉴,近5年来湖北省中稻种植面积平均达到126.8万hm2,总产量1 178.4万t,在湖北省粮食生产中占有举足轻重的地位。湖北省一季中稻一般在4月下旬至5月上旬播种,近年来直播中稻面积也有所增加,播种日期一般在5月中下旬,大部分正常播种的中稻一般在7月上旬进入孕穗期,9月上中旬收获。其间每年7-8月受稳定的西太平洋副热带高压控制,湖北省往往都会出现一段或长或短的高温期,而这一时段正处于中稻孕穗-抽穗-灌浆的产量形成关键期,对中稻产量产生明显的影响。高温对水稻的危害主要表现在水稻抽穗扬花期受高温热害,对盛花时间、开花率、花药开裂率等均有不良影响,随着高温强度和持续时间的加大和延长,水稻秕谷率和空壳率增加,结实率下降;……
