吕向立，吴鹏，朱艾嘉，倪志鑫，张敬怀，陈斌

国家海洋局南海环境监测中心，广州 510300

城市污水厂污泥倾倒对海洋生物的毒性研究

吕向立，吴鹏，朱艾嘉，倪志鑫，张敬怀，陈斌*

国家海洋局南海环境监测中心，广州 510300

以广州市和佛山市的5个城市污水处理厂的污泥为实验对象，选取费氏弧菌、蒙古裸腹溞、卤虫、裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼4种不同营养级的海洋生物为受试对象，结合化学分析方法，研究广州区域周边污水污泥浸出液的生物毒性效应。结果显示各污水污泥浸出液的毒性均较大，且浸出液的Cu污染浓度较高；广州市污水污泥对4种受试生物的毒性效应要高于佛山市。从污泥毒性对受试生物的选择性方面分析，发现卤虫筛分能力强且灵敏度高，而费氏弧菌则相关性好且方法简捷。研究结果为反映城市污泥的生物毒性强度和选择合适毒性评价受试生物提供基础数据。

污泥浸出液；重金属；费氏弧菌；蒙古裸腹溞；卤虫；裸项栉鰕虎鱼；生物毒性

Received16 February 2017accepted5 May 2017

Abstract: Five municipal sewage sludge leachate from Guangzhou and Foshan was selected for exploring the biological toxicity effect on four marine organisms at different trophic levels, including Vibrio fischeri, Moina mongolica, Artemia franciscana, larval Ctenogobius gymnauchen. Results showed that the biological toxicity of the leachate was significant, in which higher Cu concentration was found. Furthermore, the toxicity effect on four marine organisms was higher in Guangzhou than Foshan. Artemia franciscana was sensitive to all the samples, and exhibited different LC50to different sludge leachate. EC50for Vibrio fischeri was highly correlated with LC50for Artemia franciscana and Moina mongolica, while its toxicity test approach was much simpler. The study can provide data sources for the biological toxicity evaluation of municipal sewage sludge and for selecting suitable marine organisms for this toxicity evaluation.

Keywords: sewage sludge leachate; heavy metal; Vibrio fischeri; Moina mongolica; Artemia franciscana; larval Ctenogobius gymnauchen; biological toxicity

污水污泥是指污水厂处理城市废水后产生的固态废弃物，据不完全统计，全国每年污泥产量达到2 200万吨，其中有80%没有得到妥善处理[1]。污水污泥中含有的大量重金属、病毒和有机物污染物等，一旦进入环境后会对生态系统造成危害，并通过食物链影响人类健康[2-3]。污水污泥中的污染物质组成复杂，存在复合污染效应，对污泥浸出液的化学分析仅能检测到特定种类的污染物浓度，而以受试生物为基础的生物毒性效应分析能较直观全面反映出污泥浸出液的毒性。……