固载化氯化铝催化材料的制备及性能研究*
2017-10-12张秋云吴忠富马培华韦复华张玉涛
张秋云,罗 丹,吴忠富,马培华,韦复华,张玉涛
(1.安顺学院化学化工学院,贵州安顺561000;2.贵州大学化学与化工学院;3.安顺学院贵州省教育厅功能材料与资源化学特色重点实验室)
固载化氯化铝催化材料的制备及性能研究*
张秋云1,3,罗 丹1,吴忠富1,马培华2,韦复华1,3,张玉涛1,3
(1.安顺学院化学化工学院,贵州安顺561000;2.贵州大学化学与化工学院;3.安顺学院贵州省教育厅功能材料与资源化学特色重点实验室)
以廉价易得的蒙脱土为载体,采用浸渍法制备了固载型氯化铝固体酸催化剂,利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM对其结构进行了表征,并将其应用于催化油酸与甲醇的酯化反应,考察其催化性能。结果表明:氯化铝成功地被引入蒙脱土的层状结构中,既保持了氯化铝优良的催化活性,又防止其溶于反应体系。当催化剂用量为5%(质量分数)、甲醇与油酸物质的量比为10∶1、反应温度为70℃、反应3 h时,酯化反应转化率达89.9%,且该固载催化剂重复使用5次仍可保持相当高的活性。
蒙脱土;氯化铝;酯化反应;生物柴油
Abstract:An immobilized solid acid catalyst aluminum chloride(AC)-montmorillonite(MMT) was prepared by impregnation method with inexpensive montmorillonite as the supporter.Furthermore,the immobilized solid acid catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Also,the prepared catalyst was applied in the esterification of oleic acid and methanol.The results showed that the AlCl3was introduced into the layered structure of montmorillonite,kept the AlCl3excellent catalytic activity and prevented its soluble in reaction system.And up to 89.9%esterification conversion rate was obtained in the presence of 5%(mass fraction) catalyst dosage with 10∶1 of amount-of-substance ratio of methanol to oleic acid material at 70 ℃ for 3 h,and the catalyst also exhibited excellent catalytic stability within 5 times reused.
Key words:montmorillonite;aluminum chloride;esterification;biodiesel

图1 酯化及酯交换反应
设计和开发低碳清洁能源和有机化工原料成为当前研究的热点。生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯,FAME)作为一种环境友好型燃料,受到了科学家们的青睐,它主要通过长链羧酸、动植物油脂与低碳链醇在酸催化剂催化下发生酯化、酯交换反应制备而得(见图1)[1-2],而传统使用的均相催化剂(硫酸、盐酸等)虽能达到高的催化效果,但存在设备腐蚀严重、难回收再利用、后处理工艺复杂、污染环境等诸多缺点。……
