刘 嘉, 尹 航, 葛蕴珊, 王 欣, 黄 英

1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院， 北京 100081 2.北京电动车辆协同创新中心， 北京 100081 3.中国环境科学研究院， 北京 100012

遥感法用于车辆实际道路行驶污染状况评估

刘 嘉1,2,3, 尹 航3*, 葛蕴珊1,2, 王 欣1,2, 黄 英1,2

1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院， 北京 100081 2.北京电动车辆协同创新中心， 北京 100081 3.中国环境科学研究院， 北京 100012

为了评估满足不同排放标准的在用车在实际道路行驶条件下的污染状况，以2013年3—11月间在北京市朝阳区收集的16.5×104组在用汽油车排放遥感测试大数据为基础，对北京市的在用车实际道路排放水平进行分析和评价. 结果表明：新车排放标准升级明显降低了在用车的CO、HC和NO平均排放浓度. 从国Ⅰ国Ⅱ到国Ⅲ以及从国Ⅲ到国Ⅳ国Ⅴ，每次标准升级使得在用车的CO排放浓度平均降低12%～15%，HC和NO排放浓度分别降低13%和40%左右. 与2003年相比，北京市2013年机动车CO、HC和NO排放的平均浓度分别下降了52.1%、82.1%和65.3%，排放标准升级带来的减排效果十分明显. 未来排放标准升级过程中应当强化对在用车实际驾驶过程排放的监管，同时积极引导老旧车辆的淘汰更新，加大对排放造假行为的执法和处罚力度.

遥感检测； 在用车； 机动车排放； 实际道路

Abstract： In order to evaluate real-world driving emissions from in-use vehicles that meet various emission standards, real-world driving emissions from vehicles operating in Beijing were analyzed and assessed based on 165,000 sets of remote sensing data collected within Chaoyang District, Beijing from March to November 2013. The results indicated that, thanks to the introduction of new vehicle emission standards, the average exhaust concentrations of CO, HC and NO of in-use vehicles were reduced markedly. When the emission standard shifted from China I/II to China III, and from China III to China IV/V, the implementation of a stricter emission standard resulted in a reduction of 12%- 15% in the average exhaust concentration of CO of in-use vehicles, while the average concentrations of HC and NO emissions decreased by 13% and 40% respectively. Compared to those in 2003, the average exhaust concentrations of CO, HC and NO of in-use vehicles in Beijing in 2013 decreased by 52.1%, 82.1% and 65.3% respectively, which justified the upgrading of standards as an effective emission purification method. It is recommended that future standards should strengthen the supervision of real-world driving emissions from in-use vehicles, encourage the phasing out and renewal of old models, and intensify the enforcement efforts and punishment of emission cheating behaviors.

Keywords： remote sensing detection; in-use vehicle; vehicle emission; real-world driving

随着城市的发展，北京市机动车保有量不断增加，截止到2016年底已超过580×104辆，机动车排放污染已成为影响空气质量的主要来源. 研究[1]表明，北京市机动车排放的CO、HC、NOx分别占全市污染物总量的86%、32%和56%，PM2.5(细颗粒物)来源中机动车占本地排放源的31.1%，其中机动车排放的HC和……