宗亚楠, 张 强, 洪朝鹏, 贺克斌*

1.清华大学环境学院， 北京 100084 2.清华大学地球系统科学系， 北京 100084

北京市燃煤源排放控制措施的污染物减排效益评估

宗亚楠1, 张 强2, 洪朝鹏2, 贺克斌1*

1.清华大学环境学院， 北京 100084 2.清华大学地球系统科学系， 北京 100084

为分析北京市燃煤源排放控制措施的污染物减排效益，基于MEIC(中国多尺度排放清单模型)，采用情景分析法，评估了北京市电厂能源清洁化与末端治理、燃煤锅炉改造和城区平房区居民采暖改造等措施的污染物减排效益. 结果表明，相对于无控情景，2013年北京市电厂能源清洁化与末端治理减少PM2.5、PM10、SO2和NOx排放量为1.28×104、2.10×104、5.13×104和4.98×104t，分别占无控情景的85%、86%、87%、74%；北京市燃煤锅炉改造减少PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NOx排放量为1.09×104、2.68×104、11.64×104和5.81×104t，分别占无煤改气情景的83%、89%、83%、83%；北京市老旧平房区的居民采暖改造减少PM2.5、PM10、SO2和NOx排放量分别为630、870、2 070和790 t，均占无煤改电情景的8%. 研究显示，北京市从1998年开始采取的各种减排措施有效地减少了污染物的排放，对北京市空气质量改善具有重要意义.

燃煤源； 能源结构； 末端治理； 减排效益

Abstract： To analyze the benefits of emission reductions from coal-fired source emission control measures, this work employed scenario analysis to quantify emission reductions from replacing coal-fired power with clean energy and application of end-of-pipe control technologies in power plants, comprehensive control on coal-fired boilers and residential heating renovation based on the model of Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC). The results showed that the emissions of PM2.5, PM10, SO2and NOxfrom power plants in Beijing were estimated to have been reduced 1.28×104, 2.10×104, 5.13×104and 4.98×104t in 2013, representing reductions of 85%, 86%, 87% and 74%, respectively. 1.09×104, 2.68×104, 11.64×104and 5.81×104t of PM2.5, PM10, SO2and NOxemissions were mitigated due to the comprehensive control measures for coal-fired boilers in 2013, representing reductions of 83%, 89%, 83% and 83%, respectively. Residential heating renovation projects by replacing coal with electricity in Beijing′s conventional old house areas contributed to emission reductions of 630, 870, 2070 and 790 t for PM2.5, PM10, SO2and NOx, representing reductions of 8%. The study showed that the emission reduction measures have reduced pollutant emissions effectively since 1998 and have significance for improving air quality in Beijing.

Keywords： coal-fired source; energy structure; end-of-pipe control; emission reduction benefits

近年来，我国雾霾天气频发，空气污染给人们的生活和健康带来了严重危害[1- 3]，引起了社会公众的广泛关注和各级政府的高度重视. 煤炭长期以来都是北京市能源消费的重要部分，主要用于供热、发电、工业生产和居民炊事取暖等与居民生产生活息息相关的行业，以煤为主的能源结构是造成大气污染的重要原因[4- 6].

燃煤源的污染控制一直以来都是我国大气污染控制政策的重……