用于超导谐振腔的铅-锡合金电镀工艺
2017-10-11朱飞郑健彭朝华李爱玲周立鹏胡跃明
朱飞,郑健,彭朝华*,李爱玲,周立鹏,胡跃明
(中国原子能科学研究院核物理研究所,北京 102413)
【工艺开发】
用于超导谐振腔的铅-锡合金电镀工艺
朱飞,郑健,彭朝华*,李爱玲,周立鹏,胡跃明
(中国原子能科学研究院核物理研究所,北京 102413)
通过赫尔槽试验研究了镀液中主盐、甲基磺酸、OP-10的质量浓度以及电流密度对紫铜上电镀Pb-Sn合金的影响,得到最佳配方和工艺条件为:甲基磺酸铅48 ~ 96 g/L,甲基磺酸锡6.5 ~ 13.0 g/L,甲基磺酸50 ~ 200 g/L,OP-10 5 g/L,对苯二酚1 g/L,电流密度0.135 ~ 3.077 A/dm2。在最优工艺条件下所得Pb-Sn合金镀层光亮、致密,晶粒大小均匀,机械稳定性良好,在7.2 K低温下的电阻接近零,呈超导态,满足超导谐振腔的性能要求。
超导谐振腔;电镀;铅-锡合金;甲基磺酸盐;赫尔槽试验;机械稳定性
Abstract:The effects of mass concentrations of main salts, methanesulfonic acid and OP-10 as well as current density on Pb-Sn alloy electroplating were studied by Hull cell test.The optimal bath composition and process conditions were obtained as follows: lead methanesulfonate 48-96 g/L, tin methanesulfonate 6.5-13.0 g/L, methanesulfonic acid 50-200 g/L,OP-10 5 g/L, hydroquinone 1 g/L, and current density 0.135-3.077 A/dm2.The Pb-Sn alloy coating obtained under the optimal conditions is bright and compact, featuring uniform grain size and good mechanical stability.The alloy coating is in superconducting state with a resistance close to zero at a temperature of 7.2 K, meeting the performance requirements of superconducting resonator.
Keywords:superconducting resonator; electroplating; lead-tin alloy; methanesulfonate; Hull cell test; mechanical stability
First-author’s address:Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
中国原子能科学研究院从美国纽约州立大学石溪分校(Stony Brook University)引进了重离子超导直线加速器(SBU-LINAC),其核心部件超导谐振腔采用无氧铜铸造,表面电镀铅锡合金,在4.2 K低温及150.4 MHz射频场的环境中工作。该加速器在引进前已经停止运行多年,长期暴露在大气环境中,腔体表面镀层已经氧化而失去超导性能,必须重新电镀才能满足应用要求。铅锡合金镀液按配位剂分主要有氨基磺酸盐体系、氟硼酸盐体系、酚磺酸盐体系、柠檬酸盐体系等[1]。前 3种镀液中含有氨、氟、酚等有害物质,对电镀工作者的身体健康和环境有很大危害,废液不易处理。柠檬酸盐体系镀液则成分复杂,稳定性差。甲基磺酸盐体系镀液具有性能稳定,毒性低,镀液温度范围宽(18 ~ 35 °C)等优点,近年来发展迅速,被广泛应用于印制线路板、电子元件、线材和带材等镀铅锡合金[2-5]。……
