张国庆+田晗+高东杨+王琪+罗印升

【摘 要】蓄电池在为脉冲性负载供电时，由于其提供了瞬时大电流，会造成蓄电池寿命减小，针对这一问题，设计了一种适用于脉冲负载的半主动式结构的蓄电池-超级电容器复合电源。复合电源由超级电容器经过DC/DC变换器后与蓄电池并联构成，使得蓄电池和超级电容器的功率分配可控，其中由蓄电池提供平均功率，超级电容器提供峰值功率，从而达到延长蓄电池寿命的目的。在MATLAB下的仿真实验结果表明：半主动式结构复合电源相较于单一电池与被动式结构复合电源，蓄电池的放电电流更加平滑，放电过程得以优化，从而使得蓄电池循环放电的寿命得以延长。

【关键词】蓄电池；超级电容；半主动式；复合电源

【Abstract】At the time of battery supplying power to pulse current load， it provided instantaneous large current. This would cause the life of battery reduced. In order to solve this problem， we designed a semi-active battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy source. The battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy source was made up of a DC/DC converter by ultracapacitor and battery in parallel form， making the battery and ultracapacitors power distribution under control. The battery provided average power and the ultracapacitor provided peak power， so as to achieve the aim of extending the life of battery. MATLAB simulation experiment results shows that the semi-active structure hybrid energy source discharge current more smoothly than passive structure hybrid energy source and single battery， so as to make the life of battery longer.

【Key words】Battery； Ultracapacitor； Semi-active； Hybrid energy source

0 引言

随着具有脉冲性负载特性的产品日益增多，就要求电源具有较高的功率输出能力[1]。所以传统的蓄电池已经不能满足其需求。蓄电池是一种低比功率高比能量的储能元件。由于其大电流充放电特性并不理想，作为脉冲性负载的电源时，易造成蓄电池循环使用寿命的缩短[2]。超级电容器是一种新型的储能元件，具有储存电荷量大，功率密度大，短时大功率充放电能力强等优点[3]。但是其单体电压低，能量密度低，难以单独作为电源。所以，把蓄电池和超级电容结合起来的复合电源将是未来的发展方向。复合电源结合了两种储能元件的优点：能量密度高，能量存储高，循环寿命长等。

蓄电池-超级电容器复合电源的拓扑结构可分为三种[4]：被动式结构，半主动式结构和全主动式结构。……