The Influence of the New Science and Technology Revolution on International Competition

FENG Zhaokui

ABSTRACT： The new round of science and technology revolution will affect the strength of each country in the world， especially the major powers， reshape the position of each country's competitiveness in the world， and hasten a profound adjustment of the world's economic and political structure in the future. Against this backdrop， the competition among big powers is increasingly expanding toward new strategic domains， such as space， polar regions， deep sea， and cyberspace. The misuse of scientific and technological achievements will seriously affect the international security environment： weaponry innovation will change the form of future warfare； competition among scientific and technological personnel is becoming more and more fierce among the countries all over the world， especially among big powers. In order to seize the opportunity presented by the new revolution， China should strive to build itself into a "talent magnet" and build more "talent magnet" cities， vigorously promote military innovation， civil military integration， and comprehensive technological system innovation； make conscious effort to prevent an arms race with the hegemonic power and its allies； strengthen independent technological development， and continue to implement the policy of introducing foreign advanced technology.

KEYWORDS： new science and technology revolution， international competition， talent competition， institutional innovation

On the Theoretical Interpretation， Perception Divergence， and Policy Focus of International Migration

SONG Dexing

ABSTRACT： International migration has become an urgent global issue increasingly related to national security， human ethics， and global governance， prompting a new round of international academic effort at theoretical construction. Perception divergence on international migration can be classified into three categories： pragmatic views centered on economic growth； liberal and right-based views， and more traditional ethnicity-based views. A low politics-related debate on international migration focuses on the relationship between migration and security； a social-centric debate focuses on the relationship between immigration control and national power expansion； and a debate over immigration absorption focuses on deportation of illegal immigrants. As far as China is concerned， it is an urgent task to formulate an immigration policy that reflects national conditions and serves national interest.endprint

KEYWORDS： international migration， migration policy， global migration governance

A Study of Chinas Responses to Refugees and Illegal Immigrants on the Border

REN Hongsheng

ABSTRACT： Refugees and illegal immigrants are a major problem that plagues the international community. Refugees and illegal immigrants who come to China mainly live in border areas and can be classified into three categories： Vietnamese refugees， Burmese refugees， and North Korean illegal immigrants. These people have very distinctive ethnic or religious characteristics and live together in Chinas border provinces. Despite the multifaceted efforts of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Chinese Government， there have been humanitarian crises in these areas， which have led to a series of social problems and even black camps in refugee camps， due to lack of resources and conditions. China is facing not only a refugee problem， but also a potential geopolitical crisis caused by a greater refugee crisis， which will lead to a certain degree of geopolitical threats in Northeast China， northwest and southwest regions. This paper argues that China's main countermeasures to solve such problems are legislation， implementing agency， and special regional construction. In practice， China needs to make breakthroughs in these areas： first， the establishment of the principle of cross-border intervention in refugee affairs； second， the establishment of the principle of foreign aid for refugees； and third， the establishment of Confucius Institute in refugee camps.

KEYWORDS： refugee， asylum seeker， border security， cross-border intervention

The Europe Refugee Crisis： An International Perspective and Possible Solutions

HUANG Rihan and LI Congyu

ABSTRACT： The influx of large numbers of refugees affect the recipient countries in many ways and to varying degrees. European countries are under enormous social pressure as a result of the significant increases in refugees due to the Syrian civil war and the rise of ISIS. On the one hand， Central and Eastern Europe countries are the first to bear the brunt because of their geographic proximity to the Middle East； on the other hand， Western European countries are refugees destination because of their loose immigration policy and sound welfare policy. The refugee crisis exposes the inherent defect in Europes social governance model. The international community and European countries should reinvigorate the regional peace process and step up their efforts to introduce corresponding policies. Meanwhile， China should learn a lesson from the current Europe refugee crisis in order to improve its capability of participation in global governance.endprint

KEYWORDS： refugee crisis， social governance， national involvement， solutions

Addressing Legal Gaps of Admiralty Law in De-territorialized Border Control of Refugees and Unsafe Migration

CHEN Jinggen and LIU Kanbin

ABSTRACT： Traveling by sea has been the top choice for refugees to seek asylum in other countries； however， irregular means of migration has cost many lives. To prevent such tragedies， states of destination have commonly performed border controls outside their own territories， i.e.， de-territorialized border control. However， the legal framework is inadequate in this regard. Most of existing international maritime treaties are inapplicable to refugees and unsafe migration. For instance， as the principle of “no cure no pay” does not apply to rescuing human lives， there is the moral hazard that nearby ships provide no assistance at all. Moreover， unilateral maritime operations may lead to conflicts between different legal regimes of maritime control due to the principle of “par in parem non habet imperium” （one sovereign power cannot exercise jurisdiction over another sovereign power）. Last but not least， the mechanism of maritime crime control and punishment is not effective. These legal gaps of admiralty law in border control of refugees and unsafe migration need to be addressed. A special maritime regulation could be accelerated by the “implied remedy process”. The maritime rescue system can be improved by objectifying human lives and identifying compensation measures. Related organizations should establish mechanisms for sharing information， and innovating regional institutional arrangements.

KEYWORDS： refugee and unsafe migration， de-territorialized border control， maritime rescue， regional institutional arrangement

Bipolarity in the International System and Chinas Middle East Policy

LIU Shengxiang and HU Xiaofen

ABSTRACT： The international system and the situation in the Middle East have undergone significant changes since the twenty-first century. China and the U.S. will be the largest players in the international arena as well as in the Middle East. As the strengths and influence of U.S. declined relatively， it is restless in world and Middle East affairs； on the contrary， China is cautious about engaging in the world affairs even with its rising influence. Other countries stances are extremely complex； in general， they choose to side with China or U.S. Faced with the continued turmoil in the Middle East， U.S. dominance， the rise of the Islamic State， and Russian re-interference in the Middle East affairs， China is confronted with several challenges in its Middle East policy： how to participate in the Middle East affairs， how to deal with the threat from the Islamic State， and whether to establish the axis countries in Middle East. In this context， China needs to actively participate in the Middle East affairs. It may declare its position to the world by issuing Chinas Middle East Strategy Report， and propose the “Chinese solution” to resolve the Middle East issues.endprint

KEYWORDS： global framework， bipolarity， China-U.S. competition， Chinas Middle East policy

Changes and Challenges of Global Health Governance and Implications for China

GAO Ming， TANG Lixia， and YU Lerong

ABSTRACT： Global health governance is beyond the limit of borders， which is different from issues of international political and economic governance. The global health governance system has been dynamic in the response to globalization. In particular， the concept of health governance is more inclusive and multiple stakeholders participate in the governance. In addition， the importance of the private sector is becoming more visible， and the scope of governance is expanded and the ways of cooperation are more diverse. However， the global health governance system is faced with challenges arising from instability of sources of funds， differences in concepts of governance， and the complex political nature of the governance. As a rising economic power， China will be more involved in the global health governance under the framework of “South-South Cooperation” and “Belt and Road” initiative. The challenges for the global health governance system are also the challenges for Chinas health development strategy “going out.” In the first place， China should clarify its understanding of global health governance， then gradually shift its role from an executive participant of global health governance to the rule-maker. It should also expand cooperation and policy coordination with more stakeholders in global health governance， give local knowledge full play in health development assistance， and involve more domestic players from the private sector to participate in global health governance.

KEYWORDS： globalization， global health governance， Chinese contribution， private sector， health development assistance

Innovated Method of Security Risks Analysis： With the Example of Building the BRI Political Security Risks Dataset

ZHOU Yiqi and FENG Shuai

ABSTRACT： With the deepening of the Belt and Road initiative （BRI）， collecting related security information and conducting the early warning of security risks of Belt and Road countries becomes all the more important， which calls for innovating scientific research methods. In recent years， Shanghai Institutes for International Studies has made great efforts in developing the dataset of BRI political security risks， which integrates the methods of manual collection and machine learning. The dataset disaggregates the unit of analysis and visualizes the results with the GIS technology. The dataset can present the overall security condition of Belt and Road countries， and demonstrate the geo-graphical distribution and social networks of relevant political conflicts. The dataset provides statistical support for BRI and offers references for innovating relevant research methods.

KEYWORDS： Belt and Road Initiative， political risk dataset， early warning， methodological innovationendprint