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阶梯轴的三维实体建模及有限元分析

2017-09-08张瑾陈向阳王龙

张瑾 陈向阳 王龙

摘 要:为提高阶梯轴使用的安全性,合理地设计和制造满足各种性能要求的轴类产品,采用SolidWorks软件对一级圆柱齿轮减速器中的输出轴进行三维实体建模,通过SolidWorks与ANSYS的接口将模型导入ANSYS中进行有限元分析。在ANSYS软件中首先对其进行网格划分,然后施加弯扭合成载荷并求解,最终得到相应的应力应变云图。把有限元分析结果与理论分析结果进行比较,以判断该轴在工作条件下是否满足强度和刚度要求。所用弯扭合成载荷加载方法和结论为轴类零件的设计、校核及优化提供理论依据。

关键词:三维实体建模;有限元分析; SolidWorks;ANSYS

中图分类号:TG123.4 文献标志码:A [WT]文章编号:1672-1098(2017)03-0056-04

Abstract:In order to improve the safety of stepped shaft, make full use of the material performance and reasonably design and manufacture shaft parts satisfying various performance requirements, 3D solid model of the level of cylindrical gear reducer output shaft was established first by using SolidWorks, and then imported into ANSYS through the interface of SolidWorks and ANSYS. The solid model was divided into finite element mesh at first, applying torque and bending load and solving secondly in ANSYS, the corresponding stress-strain contours were obtained at last. The finite element analysis results were compared with the results of theoretical analysis- to determine whether the stepped shaft meet the requirements of strength and stiffness under the working conditions. The loading method of torque and bending and conclusions obtained provides the theoretical support for the design, check and optimization of shaft parts.

Key words:3D solid model; Finite Element Analysis; SolidWorks; ANSYS

軸是组成机械结构的重要零件之一,也是支撑轴上零件、传递运动和动力的关键部件[1]。其结构参数和加工工艺水平不仅影响机械大小和重量,也在很大程度上影响着机械的可靠性和寿命[2]。所以对轴的强度和刚度进行研究是机械设计必不可少的一部分。

以一级圆柱齿轮减速器低速级用的阶梯轴为例,借助SolidWorks软件建立阶梯轴三维几何模型,并导入ANSYS软件中。运用ANSYS软件对阶梯轴在工作状态下的应力应变情况进行分析,求解阶梯轴在工作状态下的力学特性,并根据计算结果对阶梯轴进行优化设计。

1 阶梯轴的几何结构和有限元模型

轴的设计包含两个主要内容: 结构设计和强度设计。通过SolidWorks软件建立阶梯轴三维几何模型,其结构尺寸如图1。在进行有限元分析时,该阶梯轴的单元类型采用8节点实体185单元。……

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