鹿青梅 周莉 孙昌旭

摘 要：针对传统方法在光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪中难以同时满足稳定性和响应速度的问题，提出一种基于电导增量-滑模控制最大功率点跟踪的方法，并设计相应的滑模控制器。该方法选择的滑动面使系统渐进稳定同时具有良好的动态品质，并且采用一条直线滑动线，所选滑动线能够改变升压斩波电路的切换模式，迫使光伏阵列工作点在光伏特性曲线上的最大功率点附近移动，从而光伏阵列产生最大功率。仿真结果表明：该方法与传统的电导增量法和滑模控制法相比，能够快速实现最大功率点的跟踪，提高系统的响应速度，并增强系统在最大功率附近的稳定性。

关键词：光伏发电；电导增量-滑模控制；最大功率

中图分类号： TM615 文献标志码：A

文章编号：1672-1098（2017）05-0046-05

Abstract：Aiming at the problem that the traditional method is difficult to meet the stability and response speed in the maximum power tracking of the photovoltaic power generation system， a method based on the maximum power tracking of the conductance increment-sliding mode control was proposed and the corresponding sliding mode controller was designed. The sliding surface chosen with this method made the system asymptotically stable meanwhile had good dynamic quality. The linear sliding line selected could change the switching mode of the boost chopper circuit， forcing the PV array operating points to move near the maximum power point on the PV characteristic curve so that the photovoltaic array generated the maximum power. The simulation results showed that the proposed method could achieve the tracking of the maximum power point quickly， improve the response speed of the system and enhance the stability of the system in the vicinity of the maximum power compared with the traditional method of conductivity increment and sliding mode control.

Key words：Photovoltaic power generation； conductance Increment-Sliding Mode Control； MPP

随着世界的能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严重，太阳能发电引起世界各国的高度重视。太阳能作为一种无污染、可再生的能源，备受人们的关注，光伏发电在未来的供电系统中将扮演着重要的角色[1]。但是，光伏电池阵列具有非线性，受到光照强度，环境温度的影响较大，从而使光伏发电的输出功率不稳定，发电效率较低。

由于光伏发电系统在拓扑结构、负载特性等方面具有明显的差异，因而实现光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪技术的方法多种多样。目前，常见的算法有扰动观察法、电导增量法、恒定电压法等[2]。扰动观察法具有算法简洁、易实现等优点，但在光照强度和环境温度发生急剧改变时，容易发生误判；……