张佳期+周守标+高香琴+王智+李中林+符龙飞+常锦利

摘要：通过对石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区（以下简称石首麋鹿保护区）外来入侵植物的种类、生活型、原产地、入侵途径等进行野外实地调查和分析，初步确认有外来入侵植物27种，隶属于13科25属，其中以菊科的种类最多，有7种；所有入侵植物均为草本植物，一年生草本占40.7%；除南极洲以外的其他六大洲都有植物入侵该区，而以美洲大陆最多；入侵途径多样，以无意传播途径为主。根据调查和分析的结果，分析了麋鹿对部分入侵植物种的采食利用，从植物入侵特点和对石首麋鹿保护区生物多样性的影响两方面对该区植物入侵现状进行分析，针对上述调查和分析的结果提出对保护区内入侵植物的防治措施。

关键词：石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区；入侵植物种；调查；分析；利用；防治；麋鹿；入侵特点；生物多样性

中图分类号：S451文献标志码：A文章编号：1003-935X（2017）01-0036-06

Analysis of Alien Invasive Plants in Shishou Milu

National Nature Reserve，China

ZHANG Jiaqi1，ZHOU Shoubiao1，GAO Xiangqin2，WANG Zhi3，LI Zhonglin3，FU Longfei4，CHANG Jinli1

（1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu 241000，China；

2. School of Karst Science，Guizhou Normal University，Guiyang 550001，China；

3. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences，Ministry of Environmental Protection，Nanjing 210042，China；

4. Guangxi Institute of Botany，Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Guilin 541006，China）

Abstract： This paper was aimed to research the species of alien plants，their life forms，origin，and ways of invasion of invasive species in Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve through field investigation and analysis. Twenty seven species of invasive plants belonging to 25 genera in 13 families were found in the reserve，of which seven belonged to Compositae. All invasive plants were herbaceous plants；annual herbs accounted for 40.7%. Invasive plants came from all continents except Antarctica，with America contributing the majority of species. Invasion pathways were varied；plants were introduced unconsciously. It was also found that part of invasive plants were used for food by the Milu. Thus the present situation of invasive plants has been analyzed including invasive characteristics and influence of the biodiversity in

收稿日期：2017-01-13

基金項目：湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区植物多样性观测示范基地建设项目（编号：160831439）。

作者简介：张佳期（1990—），男，湖北黄冈人，硕士研究生，主要从事资源生态与GIS应用研究。E-mail：gislaozhang@163.com。

通信作者：周守标，教授，博士生导师，主要从事环境生态学与生物多样性保护研究。E-mail：zhoushoubiao@vip.163.com。Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve. Measures are also proposed to control the number of invasive plants in the reserve.

Key words： invasive plants；investigation；analysis；utility；prevention；Elaphurus davidianus

石首麋鹿保护区地处湖北省石首市天鹅洲长江故道西南端，临近湖南省洞庭湖区。1991年由湖北省人民政府批准建立，1998年经国务院批准晋升为国家级自然保护区[1]，属亚热带湿润季风气候区，水、热、光等自然条件优越，植物资源十分丰富；……