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刺苍耳在新疆伊犁河谷的分布及生长发育特性

2017-08-30梁巧玲刘忠权陆平陈卫民

杂草学报 2017年1期

梁巧玲 刘忠权 陆平  陈卫民

摘要:刺苍耳是一种外来杂草,目前已入侵新疆伊犁河谷。通过定点调查与线路踏查相结合的方法,调查刺苍耳在伊犁河谷的发生分布与危害状况;通过刺苍耳发生地定点定期观察,掌握刺苍耳在伊犁河谷的生长发育特性。结果表明,目前,刺苍耳在伊犁河谷的伊宁市、伊宁县、霍城县、察布查尔县、巩留县、特克斯县、尼勒克县、新源县及昭苏县均有分布,其中霍城县、新源县分布最广,数量最多,昭苏县分布最少。刺苍耳在伊犁河谷表现为一年生草本,4月萌芽,5月为营养生长高峰期,6月下旬開花,7月初结果,9—10月为果熟期,11月枯萎死亡。刺苍耳目前正在向农田和景区扩散,对伊犁河谷的农业生产、旅游业及生态环境造成威胁,应引起有关部门重视,防止其进一步扩散。

关键词:刺苍耳;分布;生长发育;伊犁河谷

中图分类号:S451文献标志码:A文章编号:1003-935X(2017)01-0025-05

Distribution and Growth Characteristics of Xanthium spinosum

in Yili River Valley of Xinjiang

LIANG Qiaoling1,LIU Zhongquan1,LU Ping2,CHEN Weimin1

(1.Yili Vocational and Technical College,Yining 835000,China;

2.Yili Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Yining 835000,China)

Abstract: Xanthium spinosum,is an exotic weed that was introduced in the Yili river valley of Xinjiang in recent years. X spinosum distribution in Yili river valley was surveyed with fixed-point and line assessment methods to determine its growth and development characteristics. Currently,Xanthium is prevalent in Yining city,Yining County,Huocheng County,Xinyuan County,Gongliu County,Tekesi County,Neleke County and Zhaosu County in the Yili river valley. Xanthium distributed most widely and at higher density in Huocheng County and Xinyuan County,sparsely in Zhaosu County. Xanthium is an annual herb,that ermerges in April,achieves its peak of vegetative growth in May,flowers in late June,fruits in early July,and ripens its fruit during September to October to die in November in the Yili river valley. Xanthium may be spreading towards farmlands and scenic spots,and inevitably is becoming a threat to agriculture,tourism and the eco-environment in the Yili river valley.

Key words: Xanthium spinosum L.;distribution;growth;Yili river valley

收稿日期:2016-06-06

基金项目:新疆教育厅教学质量工程项目(2014年植物保护特色专业)。

作者简介:梁巧玲(1969—),女,陕西临潼人,硕士,副教授,现从事植物保护的教学和研究工作。E-mail:lql69512@163.com。刺苍耳(Xanthium spinosum L.)为菊科苍耳属的一年生草本植物,原产于南美洲,是一种世界性恶性杂草,目前广泛分布于我国河南东部、安徽西北部、北京丰台区、辽宁大连、内蒙呼和浩特市[1]、宁夏中卫[1]、新疆伊犁、昌吉、石河子[2-4]等地区,已被列为我国重要外来有害植物之一[1-3]。2009年首次在新疆伊宁县被发现,现已扩散到多个地方[2],为了进一步掌握刺苍耳在伊犁河谷的分布情况,笔者对其在伊犁河谷的分布危害、扩散趋势以及生长发育特性进行了调查研究,以期为控制刺苍耳的进一步扩散提供参考。……

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