周晶+青平

摘要：结合统计数据和前人研究成果，估算湖北省畜禽粪便资源量，分析粪便资源畜种和区域分布特征，评估粪便环境污染风险。结果表明，湖北省畜禽粪便资源总量丰富，达到1.58亿t；猪粪和牛粪是构成粪便资源的主体，分别占资源总量的50%和30%；湖北省畜禽粪便资源最丰富的地区集中在鄂北、鄂西南和鄂东北，资源相对匮乏的地区分布在江汉平原、鄂东南和鄂西北；湖北省面临较大的畜禽粪便污染风险，可能对环境造成污染的粪便达到0.25亿t，每公顷耕地粪便污染负荷达到6.45 t，且江汉平原以北和以东的半环状区域是耕地粪便污染负荷最重的地区。

关键词：畜禽养殖；粪便资源；评估；环境污染风险

中图分类号：F323.8 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）14-2787-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.047

Abstract： Based on statistical data and previous research， the resource amount of livestock and poultry manure in Hubei province was estimated， and the species， regional distribution characteristics of livestock manure resource were analyzed， to assess the environmental pollution hazard from livestock manure. The results showed that the total amount of livestock and poultry manure in Hubei province was abundant and amounted to 158 million tons. Pig and cattle were the major contributors of manure emission， with 50 and 30 percent of total manure amount respectively. The area with the most abundant livestock and poultry manure resource in Hubei province was concentrated in northern， southwestern and northeastern Hubei， whereas the resource in Jianghan plain， southeastern and northwestern Hubei was relatively scarce. Hubei province was facing a higher pollution hazard from livestock manure： the manure amount that led to environmental pollution may be up to 25 million tons， and the pollution load per hectare of cultivated land was up to 6.45 t， and the half-ring region from the north to east of Jianghan plain was one area suffering the largest load of cultivated land manure pollution.

Key words： livestock and poultry breeding； manure resource； evaluation； environmental pollution hazard

改革開放以来，中国畜禽养殖发展迅猛，满足了城乡居民快速增长的肉类需求，奠定了畜牧业在农业中支柱产业的地位[1]。然而，畜禽养殖中粪便等废弃物引发的环境污染问题日益成为社会广泛关注的焦点[2]。中国畜禽粪便产生量从上世纪80年代的6.9亿t快速增加到2008年的30.0亿t[3]。而且根据Fischer等[4]的预测，2020年中国畜禽粪便排放量将会比2007年增加37%。粪便总量的快速扩张使得粪便环境污染风险不断加剧。《第一次全国污染源普查公报》公布的数据显示，畜禽养殖业的污染排放已成为中国最重要的农业面源污染源之一，畜禽养殖业排放的化学需氧量（COD）达到1 268.26万t，占全国所有污染物排放化学需氧量的41.9%。畜禽粪便污染不仅严重危害农村生态环境，而且制约农业乃至整个社会经济可持续发展。……