王惠贞+吴瑞芬+武荣盛

摘要：为揭示内蒙古不同地区日光温室大棚室内气温的季节变化和日变化规律差异，分别以内蒙古东、中、西三个典型地区的温室大棚为研究对象，收集2011年9月至2012年5月温室内外的气象数据，分析典型晴天或阴天的温室内气温日变化情况，寻找不同地区温室内外的平均气温和最低气温的关系，以及冷季温室的抗冻能力差异，以期研究不同地区温室的增温效应和保温性能。结果表明，东部地区温室的保温性能较好，适宜蔬菜的周年生产，中部地区在冷季应适当采取加温措施，保证温室内茄果类蔬菜的正常生长，西部地区部分时段温室内日最低气温低于2 ℃，芹菜等不耐低温的蔬菜易发生冷害。

关键词：温室大棚；气温；日变化；增温效应；抗冻能力

中图分类号：S625.51 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）14-2628-07

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.008

Abstract： To reveal difference of temperature in seasonal change and daily variation rule in sunlight greenhouses of the different areas of Inner Mongolia， the paper studies respectively greenhouses of three typical areas in eastern， central and western Inner Mongolia. By collecting meteorological data of inside and outside greenhouse from September 2011 to May 2012， daily variation of temperature in greenhouse on the typical sunny or cloudy were analyzed. Mean while， the aim was to look for the relationship of the average temperature and the lowest temperature between inside and outside greenhouse in different areas， to search difference of frost resistance of greenhouse in cold season in different areas， in order to study warming effect and insulation performance of the greenhouse in different areas. The results showed that the greenhouse of the eastern region had good thermal insulation performance， which was suitable for the anniversary production of vegetables. In the greenhouse of the central region， farmers should take appropriate measures to ensure the normal growth of solanaceous fruit vegetable in the cold season. However， in the greenhouse of the western region， daily lowest temperature was lower than 2 ℃ on portion period， vegetables of not resistant to low temperature such as celery was prone to chilling injury.

Key words： sunlight greenhouse； temperature； daily variation； warming effect； freezing tolerance

20世纪90年代以来，北方地区日光温室发展迅猛[1]，设施农业作为现代化农业发展的重要形式之一，结合现代生物技术和工程技术，为农产品生产提供可以人为进行控制和调节的环境条件，使光、热、水、土、氣、肥等资源得到充分利用，从而更加有效地保证农产品产量[2，3]。温室和各种类型的蔬菜大棚是设施农业中最重要的组成部分，利用人造小气候来满足作物反季节生长所需的气候条件[4]，使农业生产在一定程度上摆脱了对自然条件的依赖。

内蒙古位于中国北部边疆，地域辽阔，所处纬度较高，东西跨经度广，地貌以蒙古高原为主，具有复杂多样的形态，气候以温带大陆性季风气候为主。……