武汉市马铃薯高产栽培技术
2017-08-22张良兴祝海英李仁政魏武
张良兴+祝海英+李仁政+魏武
摘要:武汉市种植马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)在播种前15~20 d要进行催芽,以打破休眠。以冬春马铃薯和秋马铃薯种植为主,冬春马铃薯播期在1月中旬至2月中旬,采取深沟高垄地膜覆盖,单产1 500~ 2 500 kg/667 m2,高产可以达3 000 kg/667 m2,秋马铃薯分旱地种植和稻田免耕種植两种,旱地种植采取深沟高垄地膜覆盖,播期在8月中旬至9月底,稻田免耕最适播期是9月中旬,最迟在9月底之前播完,秋马铃薯单产1 500 kg/667 m2,稻田免耕稻草覆盖约2 000 kg/667 m2。
关键词:马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum);播种;催芽;产量;武汉市
中图分类号:S532 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)14-2621-02
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.006
Abstract: Potato bud forcing is needed 15 to 20 days before sowing to stop dormancy in Wuhan city. Cultivation of potato in Wuhan region mainly includes winter-spring potato and autumn potato. Winter-spring potato is sowed in mid-January to mid-February by deep concave and high ridge with plastic film mulching. The yield of winter-spring potato is 1 500~2 500 kg/667 m2,and the high yield may reach 3 000 kg/667 m2. Autumn potato may be planted by upland cropping or no tillage farming in paddy field. Deep concave and high ridge with plastic film mulching is used for upland cropping,which is sowed in mid-August to mid-September. The optimum sowing period for no tillage farming in paddy field is mid-September,no later than the end of September. The yield of autumn potato is 1 500 kg/667 m2(approximately 2 000 kg/667 m2 for no tillage with rice straw mulching in paddy field).
Key words: potato (Solanum tuberosum L.); sowing; bud forcing; yield; Wuhan city
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)是全球第四大重要的粮食作物,还是蔬菜和经济作物,是营养保健食品,又是抗灾作物,中国是全球马铃薯总产最高的国家。2016年2月23日,农业部正式发布《关于推进马铃薯产业开发的指导意见》,将马铃薯作为主粮产品进行产业化开发。马铃薯性喜冷凉,块茎生长的适温是16~18 ℃,当地温高于25 ℃时,块茎停止生长,茎叶生长的适温是15~25 ℃,超过39 ℃停止生长。种植马铃薯就要求满足它的温度及其他需要。武汉市目前有马铃薯种植面积6.7万hm2,以冬春马铃薯种植为主。秋马铃薯近年也增加很快,但武汉市有冬闲田近4.7万hm2,发展空间很大。大力发展马铃薯产业对优化农业结构,确保粮食安全,促进农业增效、农民增收,丰富菜篮子和消灭冬闲田,具有重大意义[1,2]。经过几年摸索总结出武汉市马铃薯高产栽培技术要领。
1 选择优良品种
武汉市马铃薯主栽品种有早熟品种中薯3号、中薯5号、费尔瑞它、东农303、郑薯6号、早大白等[1],出苗后60 d可收获。……
