陈卫东 生楠 朱法明

摘要 根据2006—2015年太湖捕捞与养殖渔业产量数据及相关资料，分析近10年太湖渔业资源演变及目前存在的问题。结果表明，2006—2015年太湖年捕捞量持续上升，但增长速度有所减缓，其中小型鱼类产量比重大，占47%左右；渔获物构成中，湖鲚是产量最高的品种，渔业资源小型化、单一化趋势明显；养殖渔业以围网养蟹为主，面积缩减至3 000 hm2，产量自2008年大幅度下降以来，目前趋于稳定状态。但养殖户小农思想浓厚，养殖规模效益差，缺乏合理的经营制度安排。针对太湖渔业资源现状及存在的问题，从制度安排角度，提出实行捕捞限额制度、优化鱼种放流制度以及推进经营制度创新，为实现太湖渔业可持续发展提供参考。

关键词 渔业；资源现状；制度安排；太湖

中图分类号 S9-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）07-0226-03

Lake Taihu Fishery Resource Status and Industrial Development Countermeasures

CHEN Wei-dong1，SHENG Nan2*，ZHU Fa-ming1

（1. Lake Taihu Fishery Management Commission of Jiangsu Province，Suzhou，Jiangsu 215004；2.College of Economics and Management， Shanghai Ocean University， Shanghai 201306）

Abstract Based on the data of capture and aquaculture production in Lake Taihu during 2006-2015， the evolution and existing problems of fishery resources in Taihu in recent ten years were analyzed. The results showed that the annual catch had been increased continuously in recent years， but the growth rate started to slow down. The proportion of small fishes was large，accounting for 47%. The output of coilia ectenes taihuensis reached the maximum.And the tendency of smaller-scale fishery in Lake Taihu was more obvious.Fence crabs farming has become a main part of aquaculture fishery in Lake Taihu.Farming area has reduced to 3 000 hm2，and there was a steady tendency of crab production since 2008.However， due to peasant ideology，there were low scale merit and a lack of reasonable management institution.Finally，based on the perspective of institutional arrangement，some suggestions are offered to realize sustainable development of fishery economy. The fishing quota system should be put into effect，and it should optimize enhancement system and promote innovation of management system.

Key words Fishery；Resources status；Institutional arrangement；Lake Taihu

太湖是我國五大淡水湖之一，为太湖平原的核心，是太湖水系中重要的饮用水源地，兼具有防洪、养殖、灌溉、航运和旅游等多重功能，其中渔业经济是太湖重要的社会功能之一。湖泊面积2 428 km2，总蓄水量44亿m3，平均水深1.89 m，是我国最为典型的也是受人类活动干预和影响最为强烈的长江中下游大型浅水湖泊。太湖地区气候温和，水网稠密，鱼类资源十分丰富，历史上曾有鱼类记录107种。但自1950年起，太湖沿江沿湖开始大量兴建闸坝、围湖造田，同时大量酷捕性渔具投入使用，导致鱼类资源被过度捕捞，数量急剧减少。针对这种情况，1970年始，开始渔业资源增殖放流活动。……