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PFOS对斑马鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价

2017-08-13郭晋姝王金有武佳琪曹谨玲

安徽农业科学 2017年7期

郭晋姝 王金有 武佳琪 曹谨玲

摘要 [目的]探讨全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对斑马鱼的生态毒性效应。[方法]采用静态染毒法研究不同浓度的PFOS暴露对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应。[结果]不同浓度PFOS暴露条件下斑马鱼出现鱼体侧翻、失去平衡、游泳能力和和呼吸能力减弱等中毒现象,随着PFOS暴露浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长,斑马鱼的死亡率也相应增加,存在明显的剂量效应和时间效应关系。PFOS对斑马鱼24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为26.09、9.08、3.91和2.58 mg/L,安全浓度为0.258 mg/L。根据急性毒性分级标准,判断PFOS对斑马鱼的毒性为高毒。[结论]该研究结果可为掌握PFOS的生态毒性以及评价其生态风险和危害提供科学依据。

关键词 PFOS;斑马鱼;急性毒性;安全浓度;LC50

中图分类号 S94;X174 文献标识碼 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)07-0092-04

Acute Toxicity and Safe Concentration Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate(PFOS) to Danio rerio

GUO Jin-shu, WANG Jin-you,WU Jia-qi,CAO Jin-ling*

(College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801)

Abstract [Objective] To investigate the ecological toxicity effects of perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) on Danio rerio. [Method] The acute toxicity effects of different concentrations of PFOS on D. rerio were studied by using static exposure method. [Result] The toxic symptoms of D. rerio appeared under the exposure of different concentrations of PFOS such as body roll, loss of equilibrium, declined swimming ability and respiratory ability. The death rate of D. rerio enhanced with increase of PFOS concentration and prolonging of exposure time, and there were obvious dose-response and time-response correlations. LC50 of PFOS to D. rerio at 24 , 48 , 72 , 96 h were 26.09, 9.08, 3.91, 2.58 mg/L, respectively. The safe concentration of PFOS to D. rerio was 0.258 mg/L. According to the grading standard of acute toxicity, the toxicity of PFOS to D. rerio belonged to high toxicity. [Conclusion] The research results can provide scientific basis for studying the ecological toxicity of PFOS and evaluating its ecological risk and hazards.

Key words PFOS;Danio rerio;Acute toxicity;Safe concentration;LC50

全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)是全氟化合物中最具有代表性的一种物质。PFOS中具有极高化学键能的C-F共价键,使其具有很高的热和化学稳定性[1],同时PFOS具有疏油疏水的特性,因此被广泛应用于纺织、皮革、造纸、润滑油、缓浊剂、洗涤剂和泡沫灭火剂等工业民用领域[2-3]。目前,水环境中PFOS的浓度数量级为ng/L,其中我国河海流域PFOS浓度达到1.11~7.65 ng/L[4]。近年来,PFOS在环境水体、野生生物、沉积物甚至人的血清和母乳中都有检出[2,5-7]。PFOS是一种能在环境介质和生物体内积累、影响性激素水平的环境内分泌干扰物[8]。PFOS具有肝脏毒性,使肝脏变小,影响能量代谢[9];PFOS引起肝脏内的过氧化物增加,造成氧化损伤,直接或间接损害遗传物质,引发肿瘤[10-11];PFOS破坏血清中皮质酮和瘦素水平的平衡,影响去甲肾上腺素的浓度,干扰动物的神经内分泌系统[12];……

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