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黔西县野生刺梨果实品质调查研究

2017-08-13李胜海

安徽农业科学 2017年7期

李胜海

摘要 [目的]调查黔西县野生刺梨资源,为该资源的开发利用以及黔西县特色经果林产业发展提供参考。[方法]以不同株系14个野生刺梨果实为材料,测定野生刺梨果实外在品质(单果重、果形指数)和内在品质(可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性总糖含量、VC含量、固酸比、糖酸比),并对其果实品质进行分析和讨论。[结果] 株系QX-11和QX-7果实外观品质和经济价值最好;QX-7可溶性固形物含量最高;QX-2可滴定酸含量最高,QX-10最低;QX-13可溶性总糖含量最高,QX-10最低;QX-1、QX-6、QX-3VC含量较高;QX-9固酸比最大;QX-13糖酸比较高。[结论] 不同地区之间气候、土质等方面的差异可能导致果实品质出现差异。

关键词 野生刺梨;果实;品质调查;黔西县

中图分类号 S789.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)07-0079-02

Investigation on Fruit Quality of Wild Rosa roxburghii in Qianxi County

LI Sheng-hai

(Forestry Bureau of Qianxi County, Qianxi, Guizhou 551500)

Abstract [Objective] Wild Rosa roxburghii resource in Qianxi County was investigated, in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of resources, and provide reference for Qianxi characteristic economy fruit industry. [Method] With 14 Rosa roxburghii fruits as materials, the fruit external (single fruit weight, fruit shape index) and inherent quality (soluble solid content, titratable acid content, soluble sugar content, VC content, solid-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio) was determined, and the wild Rosa roxburghii fruit quality was analyzed. [Result] Strains QX-11 and QX-7 fruit appearance quality and economic value were best; the soluble solid content in QX-7 was the highest; titratable acid content in QX-2 was the highest and in QX-10 was the lowest; total soluble sugar content in QX-13 was the highest, and in QX-10 was the lowest; VC content in QX-1, QX-6, QX-3 was relatively high; solid-acid ratio of QX-9 was largest; sugar-acid ratio of QX-13 was relatively high. [Conclusion] Because of the differences in climate, soil and other aspects, it may lead to differences in fruit quality.

Key words Wild Rosa roxburghii;Fruit;Quality survey;Qianxi County

刺梨屬于蔷薇科(Rosaceae)蔷薇属(Rosa)植物,又名缫丝花、木梨子,落叶丛生小灌木[1]。刺梨是我国的特色果树,野生分布主要在贵州省,其果实营养丰富,具有重要的保健和医药开发价值[2-4]。在贵州省 86 个县、市中,除威宁县外, 其余各县均有刺梨分布, 其资源十分丰富。黔西县位于贵州省中部偏西北部,乌江中游鸭池河北岸,地理坐标105°47′16″~106°26′40″E,25°45′49″~27°20′57″N。地处黔中丘原向黔北山原过渡的斜坡地带,地势东南低,西北高,海拔704~1 902 m,平均海拔1 250 m;全年平均气温13.8 ℃,极端高温35.4 ℃,极端低温-10.4 ℃;年平均降水量为1 005.9 mm。黔西縣是贵州野生刺梨分布最密集的地区之一。目前关于黔西县野生刺梨资源品质的调查与研究尚鲜见报道。鉴于此,笔者对分布于黔西县山区的野生刺梨资源品质进行了初步调查,通过对不同株系14个野生刺梨资源成熟期果实进行采样,测定影响其果实品质的8项指标,旨在为黔西县野生刺梨资源的开发利用以及黔西县特色经果林产业发展提供参考。……

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