日本扇贝加工废弃物中镉的脱除技术研究现状
2017-08-13毛伟杰任惠峰樊佳欢胡雪琼
毛伟杰 任惠峰 樊佳欢 胡雪琼
摘要 扇贝是日本的重要水产品之一,其加工废弃物占总质量的30%左右,由于其废弃物中重金属含量超标,通常被焚烧处理,造成了环境污染和资源浪费,因此脱除扇贝加工废弃物中重金属的研究非常重要。日本对重金属脱除技术的研究比较重视,进行了大量的研究。综述了日本关于扇贝加工废弃物中镉的脱除方法,以期对我国水产品废弃物中的重金属脱除技术的研究及推广提供一定的借鑒。
关键词 镉;扇贝;加工废弃物;脱除
中图分类号 S985.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)07-0073-03
Research Status of Cd Removal Technology for Scallop Processing Wastes in Japan
MAO Wei-jie1, REN Hui-feng2, FAN Jia-huan1, HU Xue-qiong1*
(1. National Research and Development Branch Center for Shellfish Processing (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088; 2. Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan 1088477)
Abstract Scallop is one of important aquatic products in Japan. The waste of scallop during processing accounts for about 30% of the edible part, which is often burned or buried due to heavy metal exceed the standard. The processing methods not only pollute environment but also waste resources. Therefore the study of the methods for removal heavy mental are very important and are paid more attention by the researchers in Japan. In this paper, the methods of removing Cadmium from scallop processing wastes are reviewed, in order to promote the research and popularize of heavy metal removal technologies in China's aquatic products.
Key words Cadmium;Scallop;Processing waste;Removal
扇贝是日本的主要水产品之一,是重要的养殖渔业资源,其年产量约在50万t,主要产地是北海道和青森县,北海道扇贝年产量约占总产量的80%。扇贝主要由贝壳、贝柱、外套膜、生殖腺及中肠腺组成,其中外套膜、生殖腺及中肠腺约占总重量的30%,这部分通常被视为扇贝加工废弃物(以下简称废弃物),每年约有15万t。贝类具有较其他水产品更为突出的重金属生物富集能力,而中肠腺是主要的重金属富集和积蓄部位[1],如果被加工成饲料,其中重金属含量会超过标准。日本农林水产厅制定的《饲料安全法》及《饲料中有害物质的指导标准》中规定鱼粉等饲料中重金属的最大许可容量:铅为7.5 mg/kg,镉为2.5 mg/kg,汞为1.0 mg/kg,扇贝的中肠腺中镉的含量最高可达100 mg/kg,严重超标[2]。所以包含中肠腺的加工废弃物不能直接被丢弃,通常要经过焚烧处理。但废弃物中含有丰富的蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸等有用物质,焚烧处理不仅造成了生物资源的浪费,而且污染了环境,同时焚烧处理所需费用较高(焚烧费用2万日元/t)[3],企业负担比较大。……
