秦龙 徐启来 沈阳 杨松 王锋 叶凌凤

摘要 [目的]研究了钵苗机插水稻高产配套栽培中的技术要点。[方法]研究了钵苗机插穴盘每孔播种量对甬优2650成苗和产量构成因素的影响，不同育苗基质对武运粳27成苗孔率和栽插成苗孔率的影响，以及2种种植方式（钵苗机插 、毯苗机插）对水稻品种 Ⅱ 优118和武运粳27生育期、茎蘖动态和产量的影响。[结果]钵苗摆栽每孔播种量必须保证单孔播种量在4粒以上。采用细土拌细沙、细土拌稻壳、细土拌基质的处理都可以明显提高水稻的成苗孔率，而细土拌细沙、细土拌土壤粘结剂的处理提高栽插成苗孔率的效果较好。与毯苗机插相比，钵苗机插水稻播期明显提早，总生育期明显延长，茎蘖成穗率明显提高。Ⅱ 优118和武运粳27的实收产量钵苗机插比毯苗机插分别增产10.5%、12.1%。[结论]该试验为探索钵苗机插高产配套栽培技术途径提供了理论参考。

关键词 钵苗机插；毯苗机插；每孔播种量；育苗基质；茎蘖动态；产量

中图分类号 S504.8 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）07-0038-04

High-yield Cultivation Technique of Machining Planted Seedlings from Pot

QIN Long， XU Qi-lai， SHEN Yang et al

（Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation and Development Corporation， Nanjing， Jiangsu 210019）

Abstract [Objective] To research the key techniques of high-yield cultivation of machining planted seedlings from pot. [Method] We researched the effects of seeding quantity on survival seedling rate and yield component factors， the effects of seedling-raising substrate on the percentage of holes with survival seedlings， the effects of two planting modes （machining planting of potted seedlings， machining planting of carpet seedlings） on the growth period， tillering dynamics and yield of Ⅱ you 118 and Wuyunjing 27. [Result] Seeding quantity of each hole should be more than 4 seeds. Fine soil mixed with fine sand， fine soil mixed with rice hulls， fine soil mixed with substrate could significantly enhanced the percentage of holes with survival seedlings；while fine soil mixed with fine sand， fine soil mixed with soil binder showed better effects on increasing the percentage of holes with transplanted seedlings. Compared with machining planting of carpet seedlings， machining planting of potted seedlings had earlier rice sowing date， longer growth period and higher earing rate. The actual yields of Ⅱ you 118 and Wuyunjing 27 by machining planting of carpet seedlings increased by 10.5% and 12.1% compared with machining planting of carpet seedlings， respectively. [Conclusion] This research provides theoretical references for the high-yield cultivation of machining planted seedlings from pot.

Key words Machining planting of potted seedlings；Machining planting of carpet seedlings；Seeding quantity of each hole；Seedling-raising substrate；Tillering dynamics；Yield

水稻缽苗机栽技术是一种新型水稻育秧机插技术。2013年江苏农垦引进了2台水稻钵苗插秧机在黄海分公司进行示范种植，2016年引进插秧机60余台，机插面积达2 667 hm2以上，比普通毯状机插增产在10%左右。该技术结合了抛秧穴盘育秧和水稻机插技术的优点，用钵穴塑料秧盘育成根部带有完整钵状营养土的钵苗进行栽插，具有秧龄长、秧体干重大、充实度高的特点。鉴于此，该试验研究了钵……