张海燕+段文学+解备涛+汪宝卿+董顺旭+张立明

摘要：以淀粉型甘薯品种济薯25和鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26为试验材料，研究了不同种类肥料对甘薯生长发育动态和产量的影响。结果表明，氨基酸水溶肥可显著提高甘薯的鲜薯和薯干产量、干物率和大中薯率。淀粉型甘薯品种，氨基酸水溶肥处理的鲜薯和薯干产量分别比对照提高9.19%和13.61%，比腐植酸活性肥提高11.21%和15.44%，比氮磷钾复合肥提高29.93%和35.95%；鲜食型甘薯品种，氨基酸水溶肥处理的鲜薯和薯干产量分别比对照提高5.22%和13.74%，比腐植酸活性肥处理提高37.52%和44.06%，比氮磷钾复合肥处理提高48.00%和53.20%。氨基酸水溶肥促进了甘薯地上部生长，栽后40 d，氨基酸水溶肥处理的地上部鲜重和干重均高于其它3个处理；生育中后期生长中心转移到地下，栽后60 d至100 d，氨基酸水溶肥处理的地下部鲜重和干重均高于其它3个处理，形成了合理的源库关系，促进了甘薯产量的提高，而腐植酸活性肥和氮磷钾复合肥则由于地上部徒长，抑制了中后期块根的膨大，最终导致减产。

关键词：甘薯；肥料；发育动态；产量

中图分类号：S531.062 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）07-0099-05

Abstract The high-starch cultivar Jishu 25 and table-used cultivar Jishu 26 were studied to explore the effects of different fertilizers on growing dynamic and yield of sweet potato. The results showed that water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids （F3） could significantly increase the fresh yield， dry yield， dry matter rate and rate of large- and medium-sized sweet potato. For high-starch cultivar， the fresh yield and dry yield of F3 were 9.19% and 13.61% higher than those of control （CK）， 11.21% and 15.44% higher than those of humic acid fertilizer （F1）， and 29.93% and 35.95% higher than those of compound fertilizer （F2）， respectively. For table-used cultivar， the fresh yield and dry yield of F3 were 5.22% and 13.74% higher than those of control （CK）， 37.52% and 44.06% higher than those of humic acid fertilizer （F1）， and 48.00% and 53.20% higher than those of compound fertilizer （F2）， respectively. F3 promoted the growth of aboveground. After transplanting for 40 days， the fresh weight and dry weight of aboveground of F3 were higher than those of the other three treatments. Then the growth center transferred to the underground. After transplanting for 60 days to 100 days， the fresh weight and dry weight of underground of F3 were higher than those of the other three treatments. The reasonable source-sink relationship was established， so F3 increased the yield. F1 and F2 inhibited root tuber thickening at the middle and later stage and led to reduction of output， all of which were due to vigorous growth of the aboveground.

Keywords Sweet potato； Feitilizer； Growing dynamic； Yield

甘薯廣泛分布在世界上111个国家和地区，作为世界上第五大食物、能源供应作物，甘薯在保证粮食安全和缓解能源危机方面的重要性日益凸显，我国作为世界上最大的甘薯生产国，种植面积和总产分别占世界的42.8%和71.4%[1，2]。甘薯耐瘠薄，对土壤肥力要求不严格，甘薯一生中吸收最多的元素是氮、钾和钙[3]，对磷的需要量虽然比氮和钾少，但磷的供给状况对甘薯的正常生长和品质特性有重要影响[4]，因此需要根据土壤肥力条件进行氮磷钾配合施用，才能达到产量品质协同提高的目的。……