蔡俊超

摘要： 本研究以自交联自乳化的蓖麻油改性阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液（PU）为种子乳液，苯乙烯（St）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）等乙烯基单体的自由基共聚合，制得阳离子蓖麻油基聚氨酯复合乳液（C.O-PU），并研究所得乳液的性能。以改变蓖麻油和聚醚多元醇的比值来研究蓖麻油含量对乳液多重性能的影响。通过傅里叶红外光谱、粒径分布、表面张力、热重等研究聚合物复合乳液结构和性能。研究结果表明：蓖麻油已经引入到聚氨酯中，随着蓖麻油含量的增加乳液粒径明显变小，分布更加集中，表面张力有明显的下降，同时蓖麻油用量的增加对乳液的稳定性没有明显的影响，应用于纸张表面时，也明显增加了纸张的柔软度，达到了蓖麻油取代聚醚多元醇且改性的目的。

Abstract： In this study， self-crosslinking self-emulsified castor oil modified cationic aqueous polyurethane emulsion （PU） was used as seed lotion and cationic castor oil radical polyurethane composite emulsion （CO-PU） was prepared by free radical copolymerization of vinyl monomer such as styrene （St） and butyl acrylate （BA） and the properties of the resulting emulsion were studied. The effect of castor oil content on the multiple properties of the emulsion was studied by changing the ratio of castor oil and polyether polyol. The structure and properties of the polymer composite emulsion were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy， particle size distribution， surface tension and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the castor oil has been introduced into the polyurethane， and the particle size of the emulsion is obviously smaller， the distribution is more concentrated and the surface tension is decreased obviously with the increase of the castor oil content， and the stability of the castor oil is not obvious， and when it is applied to the surface of the paper， the softness of the paper is significantly increased， which has achieved the purpose of the castor oil instead of polyether polyol and modification.

關键词： 蓖麻油；阳离子；水性聚氨酯；交联改性

Key words： castor oil；cationic；waterborne polyurethane；cross-linking modification

中图分类号：TQ323.8 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2017）24-0190-03

0 引言

聚氨酯全称为聚氨基甲酸酯，是主链上含有重复氨基甲酸酯基团的大分子化合物的统称。它是由有机二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯与二羟基或多羟基化合物加聚而成，即由异氰酸酯与活泼氢反应制得[1，2]。水性聚氨酯（PU）是相对于溶剂型聚氨酯而言的，是以水替代有机溶剂作为分散介质的改性高分子材料，它是聚氨酯粒子分散在连续相中的二元胶体体系，它具有聚氨酯的耐磨损、可裁剪和聚丙烯酸酯的硬度高耐候性好等特性，以其挥发性有机化合物（VOC）含量低、性能优异而在涂料、黏合剂及油墨等领域得到广泛应用，使用时安全、无毒、不污染环境[3-5]。……