张热萍+卫晋波+李义勇+任随周+柳燕贞+张瑞民+孙国萍

摘要 为了给堆肥施用和土壤有机质管理提供依据，设计盆栽试验定量分析评价了作物对堆肥有机质的利用状况。结果表明，堆肥和作物之间存在相互选择性；未栽培作物组与栽培作物组中有机质消耗率分别为0.5%～42.0%和8.0%～99.9%，作物栽培显著促进了有机质的消耗；尽管不同作物对有机质的消耗存在差异，但作物生长过程中都消耗了大量的有机质（达90%）；一次种植后盆栽基质中有机质即降至4.2%～12.6%，接近耕作层土壤的普通有机质含量水平。可见，作物栽培对有机质的消耗很大，应该增强和坚持堆肥施用，防止土壤有机质过度消耗。

关键词 盆栽作物；堆肥；有机质；消耗利用

中图分类号 S318；S147.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）10-0008-03

Abstract In order to provide basis for compost application and management of soil organic matter，the utilization of organic matter in compost was quantitatively analyzed by quantitative analysis in pot experiment. The results showed that there was a mutual selectivity between the composts and the crops.The group without crop cultivation had organic matter consumption rates of 0.5%-42.0%，while the group with crop cultivation of 8.0%-99.9%，so a crop cultivation significantly promoted the consumption of organic matter.Although there was difference among the consumptions of organic matter for the crops，but large amounts of organic matter was consumed in the process of crop growth（90%）.The organic matter content were decreased to 4.2%-12.6% after one planting cycle，closing to the ordinary level of organic matter content in cultivate layer of soil. Therefore，crop cultivation had a serious consumption of organic matter，compost application should be heightened and persevered，preventing an excessive consumption of soil organic matter.

Key words potted crops；compost；organic matter；consumption and utilization

堆肥的研究與应用有着悠久的历史。施用堆肥可以增加土壤有机碳量和其他养分，改善土壤性质，调控土壤微生物生态环境，在维持土壤肥力和活力方面有着不可替代的作用。生产实践证明，若有机肥投入量不足，会导致土壤板结、贮水功能削弱、作物品质和产量下降及病害频发等一系列问题，影响农田和农作物的可持续性生产。研究表明，随着堆肥施用量的增加，土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量随之显著增加，且植物生物量也有增加，与不施用堆肥处理存在显著差异[1-2]。当堆肥施用体积比由5%增加到100%时，栽培基质中有机质含量从22.68 g/kg增加到317.71 g/kg，全氮含量从1.36 g/kg增加到14.9 g/kg，速效磷含量从33.18 mg/kg增加到228.25 mg/kg；同时促进了花卉植物的生长，尤其5%～20%处理的促进作用显著[3]。……