路登杰+王婷+罗以贵+余凤塘+胡家田+杨凤+刘彦中

摘要 为了解有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟K326产质量的影响，研究了在等纯氮施用量下，不同比例烟草专用复合肥和有机肥的配比对烟株农艺性状、田间发病情况、烟叶主要化学成分及协调性、主要经济性状的影响。结果表明，烟株的株高、叶数、茎围、节距随有机肥的增施而增加；增施有机肥能有效降低病害的发生，且提高烟株对烟草普通花叶病和黑胫病的抗病性；增施有机肥能有效降低烟叶的含糖量，提高氮碱比及钾含量，提高烟叶产量。综合来看，昭阳烟区的最佳肥料配比为纯氮105 kg/hm2+当地烟草专用复合肥168 kg/hm2+有机肥3 562.5 kg/hm2+硝酸钾75 kg/hm2+硫酸钾225 kg/hm2。

关键词 烤烟；K326；有机肥；无机肥；产量；质量

中图分类号 S572；S147.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）10-0001-03

Abstract In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of tobacco K326，the effect of different ratio of special compound fertilizer for tobacco and organic fertilizer on agronomic characters，field infection situation，main chemical components of tobacco leaf and main economic character were discussed under the condition of applying certain pure nitrogen content. The results showed that the plant height，leaf number，stalk circumference and pitch of tobacco plant increased with the increase of organic fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the occurrence of disease and increase the resistance of tobacco mosaic virus and black shank disease. The application of organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the sugar content of tobacco leaves，increase the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine and potassium content，and increase the yield of tobacco leaves. Generally，the optimum proportion of Zhaoyang tobacco planting area was pure nitrogen 105 kg/hm2+local special fertilizer for tobacco 168 kg/hm2+organic fertilizer 3 562.5 kg/hm2+potassium nitrate 75 kg/hm2+potassium sulfate 225 kg/hm2.

Key words tobacco；K326；organic fertilizer；chemical fertilizer；yield；quality

烟草是云南的支柱产业及税收的主要来源，云南独特的地理环境和生态条件决定了所产烟叶独特的清香味，昭通市是全国31个重点优质烤烟产区之一，昭通烟叶以其内在化学成分协调性好、清香型风格明显在卷烟配方中占有重要地位[1]。近年来，由于化肥产业的迅猛发展以及烟农在烟叶生产中片面追求产量，长期大量使用化肥，忽视有机肥的使用，造成烟田土壤板结，土壤中各种营养元素比例失调[2]，从而导致烤烟生长的土壤环境变差，抑制了烤烟产量及品质的提高[3]。由于烤烟特殊的需肥规律，因此，从施肥角度优化肥料结构，有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟种植、提高烟叶产质量至关重要。……