臧嘉捷+周静哲+邹淑蓉+汪正园+成月佳+朱珍妮+贾晓东+郭常义

摘要

目的：探讨全面实行食盐加碘20年上海居民碘营养及膳食碘摄入的变化。方法：采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定1995-2015年间上海市学龄儿童、孕妇、乳母及成年人的尿碘水平，B超测定学龄儿童的甲状腺容积，计算甲状腺肿大率；采用直接滴定法/仲裁法定量检测居民户食盐中碘含量水平；采用3天24小时膳食询问调查及调味品称量方法开展膳食调查，分析全部食用碘盐及全部食用无碘盐情况下各人群碘摄入水平及来源。结果：上海市学龄儿童尿碘水平1995年为72.3μg/L，1997-1999年为214μg/L -231μg/L，2002年之后稳定于100μg/L-200μg/L之间，儿童甲状腺肿大率均低于5%。孕妇尿碘的中位数处于126.5μg/L-139.8μg/L之间，成年人、哺乳期妇女、婴幼儿及育龄妇女的尿碘中位数分别为138.4μg/L、123.1μg/L-131.1μg/L、150.1μg/L及125.6μg/L。2001年-2009年之间居民合格碘盐食用率在90%以上，2010年开始逐年下降。如全部食用碘盐，总碘摄入量中位数为男性7-10岁、11-13岁、14-18岁及18岁以上分别为200.3μg/L、235.5μg/L、252.7μg/L及215.4μg/L；女性7-10岁、11-13岁、14-18岁及18岁以上分别为193.0μg/L、213.8μg/L、208.3μg/L及186.1μg/L。碘盐在男女性膳食中贡献率分别为51.6%-54.1%及49.1%-53.0%。海带、紫菜及鱼虾类对碘的贡献分别为7.6%-16.6%及4.5%-7.4%。结论：近 20年上海市居民的碘营养状况趋于稳定，总体处于适宜和安全的水平，但孕妇碘营养状况不足。碘盐是沿海地区膳食碘的主要来源。为保证居民碘的日常需要，控制居民的碘缺乏风险，上海地区继续实施食盐加碘的策略仍有必要。

关键词：上海市；碘营养水平；膳食碘摄入情况；碘盐

Iodine status and dietary intake among Shanghai residents from 1995 to 2015

JiajieZang， Jingzhe Zhou， Shurong Zou， Zhengyuan Wang， Yuejia Cheng， Zhenni Zhu， XiaodongJia， ChangyiGuo

Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Shanghai， PR China；200336

Abstract

The study aimed to explore the Iodine status and dietary intake among Shanghai residents from 1995 to 2015. We conducted surveillance of urine iodine， salt iodine and dietary iodine intakes of Shanghai people. The median urine iodine concentration （UIC） of school age children was 72.3μg/L in 1995， raised to 214μg/L -231μg/L from 1997-1999， and then stabled between 100μg/L and 200μg/L since 2002. The goiter rate was below 5% among children aged 8-10 yrs from 1995-2015 in Shanghai. The median urine of pregnant women was below 150μg/L.The median UIC of other populations were all between 100μg/L and 200μg/L.Dietary iodine intake of males and females were adequate. Iodized salt was the main sources of dietary salt. Iodine nutrition is adequate and safe in the general population of Shanghai but insufficient for Shanghai pregnant women.Universal dietary iodine intake is adequate and safe among Shanghai residents. Iodized salt is the main source of dietary iodine intake of Shanghai residents.

Key words：Shanghai；iodine status；dietary iodine；iodized salt

背景

碘是人體必需的微量营养素，是合成甲状腺激素的主要原料。……