语法学堂 助动词怎么"助"?

同学们的耳朵对“助动词”应该很熟悉了吧？但助动词有哪些？助动词怎么“助”？能回答这些问题的同学就未必很多了。

首先，除了大家最常见的 “do/does/did”这“三剑客”外，“can/may/must”（它们的全称其实是“情态助动词”）、“will/shall”以及它俩的过去式“would/should”等也是助动词，大家知道么？

接着，我们再来总结一下助动词的用法，也就是助动词到底怎么“助”的问题。

“助动词”的经典用法有三种。

第一，是置于句首，以帮助实义动词构成疑问句。如：

1. Do you like English?

2. Does Ben like basketball?

3. Did you go to see the film last night?

4. Can you swim (fast)?

5. May I go with you (to Beijing)?

6. Must we leave soon?

7. Will you help me with my English?

8. Shall we meet at the school gate?

第二，是在其后加副词not，以帮助实义动词构成否定句。如：

1. You do not like English, do you?

2. Ben does not like football, does he?

3. I did not go to see the film last night.

4. I cannot swim fast.

5. You must not be late.

6. I will not go to Beijing with you.

第三，是在其后接实义动词，以构成完整的谓语或不同的时态。如

1. I can swim faster than you.

2. You may feel tired when you finish your homework.

3. I must go home now because it is too late.

4. I will go to the USA next year.

5. We shall work harder.

小总结：助动词之“助”，主要是帮助实义动词实现“疑问/否定”以及“时态语态”等功能（这里只列出了“will/shall+原形动词”所构成的一般将来时时态）。这下同学们明白了么？

大彩蛋：不管是肯定句、疑问句还是否定句，只要句子中出现了助动词，助动词后的那个主动词一律要使用（被打回）原形！

（Benson 供稿）