马帅+王诺+杨光+阙灵

[摘要] 甘草应用广泛，自古有“十方九草”之说。但是随着工业化生产需求的增加，我国甘草资源迅速减少，我国开始从哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦等进口甘草资源。为了摸清我国甘草贸易流向和评估我国甘草在世界甘草贸易中的地位，通过对我国海关甘草及其制品2011—2015年5年的贸易情况调查和分析，提出我国甘草及其制品在国际贸易中存在的问题：我国甘草进出口量双双下滑；我国甘草国际贸易进出口量较为集中，贸易风险较大；存在出口配额管理执行不到位的现象。提出了我国甘草资源作为医药战略资源的一种，必须立足国内发展，出口配额管理由被动配额转向主动配额管理，提升我国甘草资源内在价值，确立我国甘草及其制品的国际市场地位，以及掌控国际市场定价权力。

[关键词] 甘草及其制品；进出境调查；出口配额；资源经济

[Abstract] Licorice is an important harmonic drug which has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. However，with the increasing demand of industrial production，the licorice resources in our country have been reduced rapidly and we have to import licorice resources from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan consequently. In order to find out the trade flow of licorice resources and evaluate the status of Chinese licorice in the world trade，the trade situation of licorice and its products from 2011 to 2015 May in Chinese customs was investigated and analyzed in this paper. The import and export volumes of licorice were declining；the import and export volumes of licorice were relatively concentrated in international trade，with greater risks of trade；and export quota management was not well executed. As one of the strategic resources of medicine，licorice resources must be based on domestic development，and we should adjust the export quota management from passive quota to active quota management and improve the intrinsic value of licorice resources to establish the international market position of our licorice and control the pricing power in international market.

[Key words] licorice and its products；entry and exit survey；export quota；resource economics

2015年版《中國药典》记载甘草味甘，性平，归心、肺、脾、胃经，具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、调和诸药的功效。来源于乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.，胀果甘草G. inflata Bat.，光果甘草G. glabra L. 3种植物。全属约20种，分布遍全球各大洲，以欧亚大陆为多，又以亚洲中部的分布最为集中。我国有8种，主要分布于黄河流域以北各省，个别种见于云南西北部[1]。甘草为我国传统药食两用中药材，广泛应用于国内外的食品、药品和保健品等行业。甘草是我国中药中应用最为广泛的一种，有“十药九草”之说，因为它除了具有自身的医药价值之外，还有缓和药性、调和百药之功效，所以被人们称之为中草药的国老。……