顾小盼+潘勃+吴臻+赵云芳+屠鹏飞+郑姣

[摘要] 随着社会发展以及人们保健意识的增强，普洱茶逐渐受到关注。普洱茶属后发酵茶，富含黄酮类、儿茶素类、芬酸类、黄烷醇聚合物、嘌呤类生物碱、可水解鞣质等活性成分，具有降脂、降糖、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、消炎、抗病毒等多种药理活性。该文主要就其药理活性进行综述，希望为普洱茶的进一步研究提供依据。

[关键词] 普洱茶；药理活性；研究进展；多靶点作用

[Abstract] Pu-erh tea has gradually aroused general concern with social development and people′s enhanced awareness of health. Pu-erh tea is rich in multiple active constitute such as flavonoids，catechins，phenolic acids，flavanols polymer，purine alkaloids，and hydrolysable tannin as a microbial-fermented tea.It is reported that Pu-erh tea have a variety of pharmacologically activities，such as anti-hyperlipidemic，anti-diabetic，anti-oxidative，anti-tumor，anti-bacterial，anti-inflammatory，and anti-viral effects. In this paper，the main pharmacological effects of Pu-erh tea are reviewed. We wish this work will provide some references and clues for further research of Pu-erh tea.

[Key words] Pu-erh tea；pharmacological activities；research progress；multi-target effects

普洱茶，山茶科山茶属植物，其拉丁学名为Camellia assamica （Mast.） Chang[1]。普洱茶是独特的微生物发酵茶[2]，是以云南特产的大叶种茶——普洱茶的干燥嫩叶（习称晒青毛茶）为原料经加工而成的茶叶，分为普洱绿茶（即晒青毛茶）、陈化普洱生茶和普洱熟茶3类，平时所说的普洱茶和所饮用的普洱茶一般都指陈化普洱茶和普洱熟茶。陈化普洱茶是将晒青毛茶置于自然条件下缓慢发酵而成的茶叶。普洱熟茶是将晒青毛茶经高温、高湿处理，特殊工艺发酵后，再置自然条件下后发酵的茶叶。普洱茶一般可制成饼、沱、砖、金瓜等各种外形。普洱茶（生茶和熟茶）均属后发酵茶，亦属于“黑茶”范畴，但与其他黑茶相比较，普洱茶加工所用的茶叶品种较为特殊，其属于固态发酵，在发酵过程中，微生物生长所依附的固体材料不含或几乎不含自由液体[3]。故也有人认为普洱茶应独立于“黑茶”。

关于普洱茶功效，古籍也早有记载，清·赵学敏《本草纲目拾遗》有云：“普洱茶膏，黑如漆，醒酒第一，绿色更佳；……