刘全科++周普国++朱文达++杨峻++喻永冰++刘美刚++贾平安+夏良付++许凌风++李林

摘要：为明确稻虾共作在稻田的应用效果及经济效益，研究了不同稻虾共作模式对稻田杂草的控制作用。结果表明，稻虾共作对田间主要杂草稗（Echinochloa crusgalli）、异型莎草（Cyperus difformis）、鸭舌草（Monochoria vaginalis）、陌上菜（Lindernia procumbens）及水苋菜（Ammannia baccifera）均具有良好的控制作用，防效可达85%以上，总体效果与化学除草处理36%苄嘧磺隆·二氯喹啉酸WP270 g（a.i）/hm2相当。实施稻虾共作的稻田净收益为68 967.3～88 813.8元/hm2，显著优于化学除草处理，较其收益增加4.7～6.3倍。

关键词：稻虾共作；杂草；防效；经济效益

中图分类号：S451 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）10-1859-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.10.015

Weed Control Efficacy and Economic Benefits of Rice-lobster Farming

in Paddy Rice Fields

LIU Quan-ke1，ZHOU Pu-guo2，ZHU Wen-da3，YANG Jun2，YU Yong-bing4，LIU Mei-gang5，

JIA Ping-an4，XIA Liang-fu6，XU Ling-feng1，LI Lin3

（1.Hubei Plant Protection Station，Wuhan 430070，China；2.Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals，Ministry of Agriculture，Beijing 100125，China；3.Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science，Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Wuhan 430064，China；4.Qianjiang Agro-Technology Extension Center，Qianjiang 433199，Hubei，China；5.Xiantao Plant Protection Agency，Xiantao 433000，Hubei，China；6.Hubei Shayang Guanghua Agricultural Industry and Trading Co.， Ltd，Shayang 433124，Hubei，China）

Abstract： To determine the application effect and economic benefit of rice-lobster farming in paddy rice fields，field experiments were conducted to evaluate the weed control efficacy of rice-lobster farming，in comparison with chemical control and manual weeding. The results showed that rice-lobster farming had a good control effect on dominant weed species Echinochloa crusgalli，Cyperus difformis， Monochoria vaginalis，Lindernia procumbens and Ammannia baccifera，and all the control efficacies were higher than 85%. The overall effects of rice-lobster farming were equivalent to that of chemical weed control by 53% mefenacet+bensulfuron-methyl WP 397.5 g（a.i）/hm2. The net income of rice-lobster farming was 68 967.3～88 813.8 yuan/hm2，and significantly higher than that of chemical weed control，the profits increased by 4.7～6.3 times.

Key words： rice-lobster farming； weed； control efficacy； economic benefit

水稻是主要的糧食作物，湖北省是中国水稻主产区之一，2015年种植面积约218万hm2，年产稻谷达1 810万t，种植面积和产量稳居全国前5位[1]。随着水稻直播、机械移栽、抛秧等轻简栽培技术的应用推广，杂草危害已成为影响稻谷产量的重要因素，可造成水稻减产10%～20%，草害严重时减产达50%以上[2，3]。长期以来，水稻田杂草主要以化学防除为主，随着除草剂的持续大量使用，水稻生产中已出现灾害性杂草发生猖獗、除草剂残留药害严重及抗药性杂草频发等突出问题，使传统稻田草害防控体系面临巨大挑战[4-6]。实现除草剂减量增效与绿色防控措施协同应用，构建环保、生态的稻田可持续草害防控技术体系，已成为水稻生产中迫切需要解决的重大课题。

江汉平原是湖北省水稻的主产区域，是典型的水网湖区，农田水源充足，适合水稻种植。随着人民生活水平的提高，稻米的安全性和品质越来越受到人们重视。……