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小儿喉罩在基层医院普外短小手术中应用

2017-06-15廖燕萍

中国实用医药 2017年13期

廖燕萍

【摘要】 目的 探讨小儿喉罩在基层医院普外短小手术中的应用效果。方法 72例小儿普外科接受手术治疗的患儿, 随机分为研究组与对照组, 各36例。对照组予以静脉麻醉, 研究组予以喉罩麻醉, 比较两组患儿麻醉效果。结果 两组患儿麻醉前(T1)平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)以及血氧饱和度(SpO2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组患儿切皮时(T2)、切皮后30 min(T3)HR与MAP水平均高于本组T1时, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05), 而研究组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组患儿T2、T3的HR与MAP水平显著低于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不同时间段SpO2水平均未发生明显变化, 且两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组患儿各不良反应发生率低于对照组, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患儿术后苏醒时间为(8.35±1.42)min, 短于对照组的(15.52±4.48)min, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在基层医院小儿普外短小手术中应用喉罩麻醉具有显著效果, 操作简易, 安全性高, 值得在基层医院临床推广应用。

【关键词】 喉罩麻醉;基层医院;普外短小手术

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.13.010

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate application effect by pediatric laryngeal mask in general minor surgery in primary hospital. Methods A total of 72 children patients receiving general minor surgery for treatment were randomly divided into research group and control group, with 36 cases in each group. The control group received intravenous anesthesia, and the research group received laryngeal mask anesthesia. Anesthetic effects were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference of mean arterial pressure (MAP), hear rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) before anesthesia (T1) between the two groups (P>0.05). The control group had higher HR and MAP levels during skin incision (T2) and in 30 min after skin incision (T3) than those at T1, and the difference had statistically significance (P<0.05), while the difference had no statistical significance in the research group (P>0.05). The research group had obviously lower HR and MAP levels at T2 and T3 than those in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no obvious changes in SpO2 in both groups, and their difference had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The research group had lower incidence of adverse reactions than the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The research group had shorter postoperative recovery time as (8.35±1.42) min than (15.52±4.48) min in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Implement of laryngeal mask anesthesia in general minor surgery in primary hospital shows excellent effect, along with easy operation and high safety. This method is worth clinical promotion and application in primary hospital.

【Key words】 Laryngeal mask anesthesia; Primary hospital; General minor surgery

基層医院小儿普外科手术主要包括鞘膜积液、多指畸形、睾丸固定、包皮环切术以及疝修补术等短小手术。此类手术虽然手术耗时短、对小儿造成的创伤小, 但是对于麻醉的标准较高, 不但需要较强的镇痛镇静效果, 还应该保证术后能快速清醒, 不会对小儿的呼吸循环系统造成较大影响[1-4]。以往实施此类手术患儿的临床麻醉通常是应用氯胺酮复合静脉麻醉, 但是麻醉效果不佳, 容易导致患儿基础麻醉程度过深, 导致患儿发生呼吸抑制[5-8]。喉罩是介于面罩和气管插管之间的一种通气装置, 不仅能保留自主呼吸, 还可实现正压通气。有相关研究表示[9], 在小儿手术中应用喉罩麻醉具有显著效果。本次研究的主要目的是为了探讨小儿喉罩在基层医院普外短小手术中的应用效果, 特选择本院小儿普外科实施手术治疗的72例患儿的临床资料予以回顾性分析, 详细内容报告如下。 ……

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