李健+李美+高兴祥+房锋+董连红

摘要：

我国杂草资源丰富，研究以杂草为基础的微生物发酵培养基，对有效利用杂草资源、降低微生物发酵成本具有重要意义。本研究筛选了一种以杂草马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）为主要原料适宜丝状真菌液体发酵培养的优良培养基——马唐葡萄糖培养基（DDM），并研究了其适宜培养温度、pH，产孢量和产孢速率。结果显示，供试3种丝状真菌均可在DDM培养基上迅速产生大量孢子，在该培养基内供试镰刀菌菌株培养3 d后产孢量约为传统马铃薯葡萄糖培养基的1.6倍，培养5 d即可达到产孢高峰；在真菌常规培养温度和适宜pH范围内供试丝状真菌均可在DDM培养基上正常生长和产孢。该培养基相较于目前在丝状真菌培养中应用比较广泛的培养基，在产孢速率和产孢量方面有较为显著的优势，有利于降低丝状真菌培养成本和缩短培养时间。

关键词：丝状真菌；培养基；马唐；菌丝重量；产孢量；成本

中图分类号：S451文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）05-0097-05

An Efficient Medium Containing Digitaria sanguinalis

for Filamentous Fungi Culture

Li Jian， Li Mei， Gao Xingxiang， Fang Feng， Dong Lianhong

（Institute of Plant Protection，Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Jinan 250100，China）

AbstractChina is rich in grass resources. The research on microbial fermentation medium using weeds as raw material can not only reduce the cost of microbial fermentation， but also improve the weed resource utilization. In this paper， we provided an efficient Digitaria sanguinalis dextrose medium （DDM） containing Digitaria sanguinalis for filamentous fungi culture， and studied the optimal culture temperature， pH value， sporulation quantity and sporulation rate. The results showed that the DDM medium was significantly better than other weed culture medium in the sporulation quantity. The sporulation quantity of Fusarium strain in DDM medium was about 1.6 times of that in PD medium after cultured for 3 days， and reached the peak after cultured for 5 days. The tested strains were able to grow normally and produce spores in the DDM under the conventional culture temperature and pH range. Compared with the media widely used in filamentous fungi culture， the DDM had more obvious advantages in sporulation rate and quantity， and was benefit to reducing cost and culture time.

KeywordsFilamentous fungi； Culture medium； Digitaria sanguinalis； Mycelial weight； Sporulation quantity； Cost

絲状真菌（filamentous fungi）是一类在自然界中广泛分布的真菌微生物，可以通过无性孢子如分生孢子和厚垣孢子进行无性繁殖[1]。丝状真菌与农业、工业和生物医药等多个领域存在着广泛联系[2，3]。例如，一些优良菌株被应用于工业生产生物酶、生物激素和有机酸等物质[3，4]；农业中许多作物的病害都由丝状真菌侵染造成，如小麦赤霉病（Fusarium headblight）[5，6]、水稻稻瘟病（rice blast）等；多种丝状真菌被筛选出来用于生物防治领域，例如利用画眉草弯孢霉（Curvularia eragrostidis J.A.Meyer）进行杂草马唐的防治[7]。……